Editing French First Republic (section)

==Consulate (1799–1804)==
{{main|French Consulate}}
The French Consulate era began with the [[coup of 18 Brumaire]] on 9 November 1799. Members of the Directory itself planned the coup, indicating clearly the failing power of the Directory. Napoleon Bonaparte was a co-conspirator in the coup and became head of the government as the First Consul.

On 18 May 1804, [[Napoleon]] was proclaimed [[Emperor of the French]] by the {{Lang|fr|[[Sénat conservateur]]|italic=no}}. He would later [[Coronation of Napoleon I|proclaim himself Emperor of the French]], ending the First French Republic and ushering in the [[French First Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paris: Capital of the 19th Century |url=http://library.brown.edu/cds/paris/chronology2.html |access-date=1 February 2017 |website=library.brown.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511165638/https://library.brown.edu/cds/paris/chronology2.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In conjunction with this powerful executive authority, four assemblies were established:

* The [[Conseil d'État|Council of State]], with members appointed by the First Consul, was the body responsible for preparing draft laws and assisting the head of state in adjudicating administrative disputes, a role formally defined in Article 52 of the Constitution of Year VIII (22 [[Frimaire]], Year VIII) as being tasked with drafting proposed laws and regulations of public administration under the direction of the consuls, as well as resolving administrative difficulties.
* The [[Tribunat|Tribunate]], officially established on 11 [[Nivôse]] Year VIII (January 1, 1800), comprised one hundred deputies (reduced to fifty after the Constitution of Year X) appointed by the Senate for five-year terms, with one-fifth of its membership subject to renewal annually. The Tribunate assumed some of the functions of the Council of Five Hundred, its role being limited to deliberating on proposed laws before their adoption by the Legislative Body.
* The Legislative Body, established concurrently with the Tribunate, served as the successor to the Council of Ancients. Its membership consisted of three hundred individuals, appointed by the Senate for five-year terms with one-fifth of the body subject to renewal annually. The primary function of the Legislative Body was to vote on proposed laws without the provision for debate or amendment.
* The [[Sénat conservateur|Conservative Senate]], whose primary role is to ensure the preservation of the Constitution, hence its name, and to elect the members of the Legislative Body and the Tribunate, the judges of the Court of Cassation, and the accounting commissioners, comprised sixty irremovable members, at least forty years of age, appointed by Bonaparte, who in turn co-opted twenty additional senators; progressively, the power of this assembly would expand, as it would later be tasked with drafting legislative texts, the ''sénatus-consultes'', established by the Constitution of Year X.

{{gallery
|title = Leading members of the First Republic (and factions)
|mode  = packed
|File:Georges Danton.jpg |[[Georges Danton]] ([[Cordeliers]]/[[The Mountain]])
|File:Roland de la Platière.jpg |[[Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière]] ([[Girondins]])
|File:AduC 052 Clavière (E., 1735-1793).JPG |[[Étienne Clavière]] ([[Girondins]])
|File:Robespierre.jpg |[[Maximilien Robespierre]] ([[Jacobin]]s/[[The Mountain]])
|File:Lazare-Carnot-par-Boilly.jpg |[[Lazare Carnot]] ([[The Plain]])
|File:Maurin - Cambaceres.png |[[Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès]] ([[The Plain]])
|File:Paul Barras.jpg |[[Paul Barras]] ([[Thermidorians]])
|File:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, by Jacques Louis David.jpg |[[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] ([[Independent politician|Independent]])
|File:Napoleon - 2.jpg |[[Napoleon Bonaparte]] ([[Bonapartist]])
}}