Editing Freedom House (section)

==Reports==
===''Freedom in the World''===
{{Main|Freedom in the World}}

[[File:2021 Freedom House world map.png|thumb|430px|Classification of countries according to the Freedom House's ''Freedom in the World 2021'' survey, concerning the state of world freedom in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freedomhouse.org/explore-the-map?type=fiw&year=2020|title=Freedom in the World Countries {{!}} Freedom House|website=freedomhouse.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-26}}</ref>
{{center|{{legend inline|#00AB81|Free}} {{legend inline|#E7BA09|Partially Free}} {{legend inline|#6A71A8|Not Free}}}}]]

Since 1973, Freedom House publishes an annual report, ''Freedom in the World'', which it seeks to assess<ref name="usedby">{{Cite web|last1=Casper|first1=Gretchen|last2=Tufis|first2=Claudiu|url=http://polisci.la.psu.edu/faculty/Casper/caspertufisPAweb.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030521095112/http://polisci.la.psu.edu/faculty/Casper/caspertufisPAweb.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Correlation versus Interchangeability: The Limited Robustness of Empirical Findings on Democracy using Highly Correlated Datasetsi|archive-date=2003-05-21|date=2003-05-21|access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref> the current state of [[civil liberties]] and [[Freedom (political)|political rights]] in 195 countries and 15 territories.

Freedom House's methods (around 1990) and other democracy-researchers were mentioned as examples of an expert-based evaluation by [[sociologist]] [[Kenneth A. Bollen]], who is also an [[applied statistics|applied]] [[statistician]]. Bollen writes that expert-based evaluations are prone to [[statistical bias]] of an unknown direction, that is, not known either to agree with U.S. policy or to disagree with U.S. policy: "Regardless of the direction of distortions, it is highly likely that every set of indicators formed by a single author or organization contains systematic measurement error.  The origin of this measure lies in the common methodology of forming measures.  Selectivity of information and various traits of the judges fuse into a distinct form of bias that is likely to characterize all indicators from a common publication."<ref>Bollen, K.A. (1992) Political Rights and Political Liberties in Nations: An Evaluation of Human Rights Measures, 1950 to 1984. In: Jabine, T.B. and Pierre Claude, R. "Human Rights and Statistics". University of Pennsylvania Press.  {{ISBN|0-8122-3108-2}}</ref>

===''Freedom of the Press''===
[[File:FreedomHouse-FreedomOfThePress-WorldMap.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|{{center|'''2015 Freedom of the Press Classifications'''<ref name=FHFOTPR-2015>{{cite web | title=Scores and Status Data 1980–2015 | url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FOTP2015 | work=Freedom of the Press 2015 | publisher=Freedom House | access-date=12 June 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 
<br />{{legend inline|#F9D|Not&nbsp;Free}}
{{legend inline|#FFD|Partly&nbsp;Free}}
{{legend inline|#98FB98|Free}}
{{legend inline|silver|No&nbsp;Data}}}}]]

The ''Freedom of the Press'' index was an annual survey of [[media independence]], published between 1980 and 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Publication Archives|url=https://freedomhouse.org/reports/publication-archives|access-date=2020-11-09|website=Freedom House|language=en}}</ref> It assessed the degree of print, broadcast, and internet freedom throughout the world,<ref name=FHFOTPR>[http://www.freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-press "Freedom of the Press"], web page, Freedom House. Retrieved May 29, 2011</ref> classifying nation-states as "free", "partly-free", and "not-free" as a result.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Theodora A.|last1=Maniou|first2=Elena|last2=Ketteni|title="It's the Economy, Stupid!", is it not? The relationship between press freedom and the status of the economy in Western media systems|journal=[[Journalism Studies]]|volume=24|issue=6|pages=715–737|doi=10.1080/1461670X.2023.2184175|doi-access=free}}</ref> 

An independent review of press freedom studies, commissioned by the Knight Foundation in 2006, found that FOP was the best in its class of Press Freedom Indicators.<ref>[http://gaz.sagepub.com/content/69/1/5.abstract "An Evaluation of Press Freedom Indicators"], Lee B. Becker, Tudor Vlad and, Nancy Nusser, ''International Communication Gazette'', vol.69, no.1 (February 2007), pp. 5–28</ref>

===''Freedom on the Net''===
The ''Freedom on the Net'' reports provide analytical reports and numerical ratings regarding the state of [[Digital rights|Internet freedom]] for countries worldwide.<ref name=FOTN-2009>[https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Freedom On The Net_Full Report.pdf ''Freedom on the Net 2009'']{{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Freedom House, accessed 16 April 2012</ref>

Freedom on the Net's report covers a range of concepts that the other datasets do not, such as new legislation passed, but lacks the country coverage of other datasets.<ref name=Fletcher2020/> 

Expert surveys on the internet by the likes of Freedom House and [[V-Dem]] have been found to be more prone to [[false positives]],<ref name=Fletcher2020>{{Cite document|last1=Fletcher|first1=Terry|last2=Hayes-Birchler|first2=Andria|date=2020-07-30|title=Comparing Measures of Internet Censorship: Analyzing the Tradeoffs between Expert Analysis and Remote Measurement|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3967398 |publisher=Millennium Challenge Corporation}}</ref> while the [[remote sensing]] research by [[Access Now]] and the [[OpenNet Initiative]] are more likely to be prone to [[false negatives]].<ref name=Fletcher2020/>

The [[Millennium Challenge Corporation]] used the Key Internet Controls portion of the Freedom on the Net report to inform its country selection process until 2020 when this report was replaced with data on internet shutdowns from Access Now.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guide to the MCC Indicators for Fiscal Year 2020|url=https://www.mcc.gov/resources/doc/guide-to-the-indicators-fy-2020|access-date=2021-06-07|website=Millennium Challenge Corporation|language=en}}</ref>