Editing Frederick III of Sicily (section)

===Reign===
Frederick reformed the administration and extended the powers of the Sicilian [[parliament]], which was composed of the [[baron]]s, the [[prelate]]s, and the representatives of the towns.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=57}}

His refusal to comply with the pope's injunctions led to a renewal of the war. Frederick landed in [[Calabria]], where he seized several towns, encouraged revolt in [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]], negotiated with the [[Ghibelline]]s of [[Tuscany]] and [[Lombardy]], and assisted the house of [[Colonna family|Colonna]] against Pope Boniface. In the meantime, James, who received many favours from the Church, married his sister Yolanda to Robert, the third son of Charles II. Unfortunately for Frederick, a part of the Catalan-Aragonese nobles of Sicily favoured King James, and both [[John of Procida]] and [[Roger of Lauria]], the heroes of the [[war of the Vespers]], went over to the Angevins, and the latter [[Battle of Cape Orlando|completely defeated]] the Sicilian fleet off [[Capo d'Orlando]]. Charles's sons Robert and Philip landed in Sicily, but after capturing [[Catania]] were defeated by Frederick, Philip being taken prisoner (1299), while several Calabrian towns were captured by the Sicilians.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=57}}

For two years more the fighting continued with varying success, until [[Charles of Valois]], who had been sent by Boniface to invade Sicily, was forced to sue for peace, his army being decimated by disease. In August 1302 the [[Treaty of Caltabellotta]] was signed, by which Frederick was recognised king of [[Kingdom of Trinacria|Trinacria]] (the name Sicily was not to be used) for his lifetime, and was to marry [[Eleanor of Anjou]], daughter of [[Charles II of Naples]] and [[Maria Arpad of Hungary]].{{sfn|Backman|1995|p=41}} At Frederick's death, the kingdom was to revert to the Angevins (this clause was inserted chiefly to allow Charles to save face) and Frederick's children would receive compensation elsewhere. Boniface tried to induce King Charles to break the treaty, but the latter was only too anxious for peace. Finally, in May 1303, the pope ratified the treaty, albeit with changes and additions, which included Frederick agreeing to pay him a tribute.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=57–58}}

For a few years Sicily enjoyed peace, and the kingdom was reorganised. However, on the descent of the emperor [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor]] into Italy, Frederick entered into an alliance with him, and in violation of the pact of Caltabellotta made war on the Angevins again (1313) and captured [[Reggio Calabria|Reggio]]. He set sail for Tuscany to cooperate with the emperor, but on the latter's death he returned to Sicily. Robert, who had succeeded Charles II in 1309, made several raids into the island, which suffered much material injury. A truce was concluded in 1317, but as the Sicilians had helped the north Italian Ghibellines in the attack on [[Genoa]], and Frederick had seized some Church revenues for military purposes, [[Pope John XXII]] [[excommunicated]] him and placed the island under an [[interdict]] (1321) which lasted until 1335. An Angevin fleet and army, under Robert's son [[Charles, Duke of Calabria|Charles]], was defeated at Palermo by [[Giovanni da Chiaramonte]] in 1325, and in 1326 and 1327 there were further Angevin raids on the island, until the descent into Italy of the next Holy Roman Emperor [[Louis the Bavarian]] distracted their attention. The election of [[Pope Benedict XII]] (1334), who was friendly to Frederick, promised a respite; but after fruitless negotiations the war broke out once more, and Chiaramonte went over to Robert, owing to a private feud.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=58}}

In 1337 Frederick died at [[Paternò]], and in spite of the [[Peace of Caltabellotta]] his son [[Peter II of Sicily]] succeeded him.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=58}}