Editing Fractal antenna (section)

== Other uses ==
In addition to their use as antennas, fractals have also found application in other antenna system components, including loads, [[Counterpoise (ground system)|counterpoises]], and ground planes.

Fractal inductors and fractal tuned circuits (fractal resonators) were also discovered and invented simultaneously with fractal element antennas.<ref name=r1/><ref>{{cite patent |inventor-last=Cohen |inventor-first=Nathan |pubdate=2007-08-14 |title=Fractal antennas and fractal resonators |number=7256751 |country=US }}</ref> An emerging example of such is in [[metamaterial]]s. A recent invention demonstrates using close-packed fractal resonators to make the first wideband [[metamaterial]] 'invisibility cloak' at microwave frequencies.<ref>{{US patent|8,253,639}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Cohen |first=N. |year=2012 |title=Body sized wide-band high fidelity invisibility cloak |journal=Fractals |volume=20 |issue=3n04 |pages=227–232 |doi=10.1142/s0218348x1250020x |bibcode=2012Fract..20..227C }}</ref>

Fractal filters (a type of tuned circuit) are another example where the superiority of the fractal approach for smaller size and better rejection has been proven.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lancaster |first1=M. |last2=Hong |first2=Jia-Sheng |year=2001 |title=Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications |publisher=Wiley |location=New York, NY |pages=410–411 |isbn=978-0-471-38877-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vj0hz1KUAXoC&pg=PA410 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pourahmadazar |first1=J. |last2=Ghobadi |first2=C. |last3=Nourinia |first3=J. |last4=Shirzad |first4=H. |title=Mutiband ring fractal monopole antennas for mobile devices |journal=IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters |volume=9 |year=2010 |pages=863–866 |doi=10.1109/LAWP.2010.2071372 |bibcode=2010IAWPL...9..863P |s2cid=19689050 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pourahmadazar |first1=J. |last2=Ghobadi |first2=C. |last3=Nourinia |first3=J. |year=2011 |title=Novel modified Pythagorean tree fractal monopole antennas for UWB applications |journal=IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters |volume=10 |pages=484–487 |doi=10.1109/LAWP.2011.2154354 |bibcode=2011IAWPL..10..484P|s2cid=31823278 }}</ref>

As fractals can be used as counterpoises, loads, ground planes, and filters, all parts that can be integrated with antennas, they are considered parts of some antenna ''systems'' and thus are discussed in the context of fractal antennas.