Editing Foreign relations of Mongolia (section)

==East Asia==
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! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
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|{{flag|People's Republic of China}}||1949-10-16<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|People's Republic of China – Mongolia relations}}

In the Post–[[Cold War]] era, China has taken major steps to normalize its relationship with Mongolia, emphasizing its respect for Mongolia's sovereignty and independence. In 1994, [[Prime Minister of the People's Republic of China|Chinese Premier]] [[Li Peng]] signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation.<ref name="msa55"/> China has become Mongolia's biggest trade partner and source of [[foreign direct investment|foreign investment]] as well as the destination for 48% of Mongolian exports.<ref name="JF1">{{cite web|title="Pan-Mongolism" and U.S.-China-Mongolia relations |url=http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&issue_id=3322&article_id=2369707 |publisher=Jamestown Foundation |date=2005-06-29 |access-date=2008-06-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322015710/http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&issue_id=3322&article_id=2369707 |archive-date=March 22, 2007 }}</ref> Bilateral trade reached [[U.S. dollar|US$]]1.13 billion by the first nine months of 2007, registering an increase of 90% from 2006.<ref name="AT">{{cite web |title=China breathes new life into Mongolia |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/II01Cb02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011101405/http://atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/II01Cb02.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=2007-10-11 |publisher=[[Asia Times]] |date=2007-09-12 |access-date=2008-06-16}}</ref> China offered to allow the use of its [[Tianjin]] port to give Mongolia and its goods access to trade with the [[Asia Pacific]] region.<ref name="JF1"/> China also expanded its investments in Mongolia's mining industries, seeking to develop the country's natural resources industry.<ref name="JF1"/><ref name="AT"/> Mongolia and China have stepped up cooperation on fighting [[terrorism]] and bolstering regional security. China is likely to support Mongolia's membership in to the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] (APEC) and granting it [[observer status]] in the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]].<ref name="JF1"/>
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|{{flag|Republic of China (Taiwan) }}|| style="background:gray;"|none||{{main article|Mongolia–Taiwan relations}}

As the Republic of China did not recognize Mongolia until 1945, both countries did not exchange any diplomats between 1946 and 1949, and Mongolia recognized the People's Republic of China in 1949, there have never been formal diplomatic relations between [[Mongolia]] and the [[Republic of China]]. Until the 1990s, the [[Republic of China]] still considered [[Mongolia]] part of its territory. The [[Republic of China]] (currently on [[Taiwan]]) has not renounced claim to Mongolia as one of its provinces, primarily out of concern that such a move would be viewed as a precursor to renouncing sovereignty over all of Mainland China and [[Taiwan independence]]. In 2002 several ROC officials and government agencies passed laws and made strong statements recognizing Mongolia's sovereignty over the area (unofficially). "Outer Mongolia" was removed from the ROC's official maps and a representative office was established in Ulaanbaatar.

Citizens of the Republic of China may travel to Mongolia using [[Republic of China passport]]s (as is the case for most countries except the PRC), but Mongolian visas are stapled into (and not applied directly onto) the passport and Mongolian immigration authorities stamp the stapled visa instead of the passport. This is also the case for Hong Kong visas and entry/exit stamps.
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|{{flag|Japan }}||1972-02-24<ref name="mfat" />||{{main article|Japan–Mongolia relations}}

Japan has been a major ally of Mongolia since the advent of democracy in 1991, and remains the largest single donor. Japanese aid and loans to Mongolia between 1991 and 2003 equal $1.2 billion, equaling 70 percent of total aid and loans.

The two countries established a cultural exchange dialogue in 1974, a trade agreement in 1990, an air relations agreement in 1993, and an investment agreement in 2003. Trade between Mongolia and Japan in the first ten months of 2004 was $83.3 million. In addition, about 500 Mongolian students study in Japan.

Mongolian President [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]] visited Japan in 2011, and the two countries made a joint announcement regarding a strategic alliance.

In 1991, Japanese Prime Minister [[Toshiki Kaifu]] visited Mongolia, becoming the first to do so. Mongolian President [[Natsagiin Bagabandi]] first visited Japan in 1998. Mongolia has an embassy in [[Tokyo]], established in 1973. Japan has an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]].
*[http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/mongolia/index.html Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Mongolia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111026161237/http://mfat.gov.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=247%3A2009-12-22-09-29-54&catid=38%3A2009-12-20-21-52-48&Itemid=80&lang=mn Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Japan] {{in lang|mn}}
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|{{flag|North Korea }}||1948-10-15<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Mongolia – North Korea relations}}
Mongolia has an embassy in North Korea. Relations date back to 1948, when [[Mongolia]] recognised [[Kim Il Sung]]'s [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-backed government in the North. [[North Korean refugees]] are a delicate issue between the two governments. In 2005, South Korean charity groups received from the Mongolian government an allocation of 1.3 square kilometres of land at an unspecified location 40 kilometres outside of Ulaanbaatar to establish a refugee camp.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Radio Free Asia|url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/politics/2005/09/06/nkorea_mongolia/|date=6 September 2005|title=Center Offers Haven For North Korean Defectors in Mongolia|last=Lee|first=Wonhee|access-date=4 July 2009|archive-date=3 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003013139/http://www.rfa.org/english/news/politics/2005/09/06/nkorea_mongolia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, as of November 2006, [[Miyeegombyn Enkhbold]], [[Prime Minister of Mongolia|Mongolia's prime minister]], officially denied the existence of such camps. One scholar estimated that 500 North Korean refugees enter Mongolia each month, along with some legal [[migrant workers|migrant labourers]] who come under an inter-governmental agreement to work in light industry and infrastructure projects.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Gulf Times, Qatar|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=119099&version=1&template_id=45&parent_id=25|title=Mongolia not planning camps for North Korea|date=24 November 2006|access-date=2007-08-22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201341/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=119099&version=1&template_id=45&parent_id=25|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref>
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|{{flag|South Korea }}||1990-03-26<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Mongolia – South Korea relations}}

Mongolians in South Korea form the largest population of Mongolian citizens abroad.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080529213801/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200503/200503290013.html]. Their numbers were estimated at 33,000 as of 2008.

South Korea established an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]] in 1990.<ref>[http://mng.mofat.go.kr/eng/as/mng/main/index.jsp  South Korean embassy in Ulaanbaatar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227133509/http://mng.mofat.go.kr/eng/as/mng/main/index.jsp |date=2014-02-27 }}</ref> Mongolia established its embassy in [[Seoul]] in 1991. The relationship between the two countries has been defined by the Joint Mongolia-South Korean notice made during the visit of South Korean president [[Kim Dae-jung]] to Mongolia in 1990.
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