Editing Foreign relations of Brazil (section)

===Bolsonaro administration, 2019-2022===
{{See also|List of international presidential trips made by Jair Bolsonaro}}

After [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|Rousseff's impeachment]], Brazil started reconnecting with its western allies. In 2019 [[Jair Bolsonaro]] succeeded [[Michel Temer]]. The new foreign policy focused on a reapprochement with major governments especially the United States and Colombia in the Americas; Israel, Japan and South Korea in Asia; United Kingdom, Italy and Greece in Europe. The [[Brazil–Portugal relations]] were also strengthened, and despite disagreements over the [[crisis in Venezuela]], Brazil remained close to the BRICS countries.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/07/07/bolsonaro-failed-diplomacy-brazil-isolated-coronavirus/| title = Brazil's Coronavirus Pandemic Failures Are Matched by Its Diplomatic Disasters| date = 7 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://brazilian.report/power/2019/12/18/foreign-policy-brazil-year-1-bolsonaro/| title = Bolsonaro year 1: Foreign policy, a 180-degree turn for Brazil| date = 18 December 2019| access-date = 7 April 2021| archive-date = 21 October 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201021124106/https://brazilian.report/power/2019/12/18/foreign-policy-brazil-year-1-bolsonaro/| url-status = dead}}</ref>

[[File:19-03-2019 Encontro com o Senhor Donald Trump, Presidente dos Estados Unidos da América.jpg|right|thumb|Bolsonaro with United States President [[Donald Trump]] at the [[White House]], 19 March 2019]]
[[File:20 09 2021 - Encontro com o Primeiro Ministro do Reino Unido, Boris Johnson (51496837523).jpg|thumb|right|Bolsonaro with United Kingdom Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]], 20 September 2021]]
During the 2018 presidential campaign, Bolsonaro said he would make considerable changes to Brazil's foreign relations, saying that the "''[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|Itamaraty]]'' needs to be in service of the values that were always associated with the Brazilian people". He also said that the country should stop "praising dictators" and attacking democracies, such as the United States, Israel and Italy.<ref name="foreignpolicy">{{Cite news|first=Ana Cristina|last=Campos |url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/veja-propostas-de-bolsonaro-e-haddad-para-politica-externa|title=Veja as propostas de Bolsonaro e Haddad para a política externa|work=Agência Brasil|date=26 October 2018|access-date=26 October 2018|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026133450/http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/veja-propostas-de-bolsonaro-e-haddad-para-politica-externa|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2018, he affirmed that his "trip to the five democratic countries the United States, Israel, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan showed who we will be and we would like to join good people". Bolsonaro has shown distrust towards China throughout the presidential campaign claiming they "[want to] buy Brazil",<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://manchikoni.com/presidential-candidates-present-a-drastic-turn-in-foreign-policy-jair-bolsonaro-psl-promises-to-break-brazils-traditional-diplomatic-positions-while-fernando-haddad/ |title=Presidential candidates present a drastic turn in foreign policy Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) promises to break Brazil's traditional diplomatic positions while Fernando Haddad|access-date=27 October 2018|archive-date=28 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028073809/https://manchikoni.com/presidential-candidates-present-a-drastic-turn-in-foreign-policy-jair-bolsonaro-psl-promises-to-break-brazils-traditional-diplomatic-positions-while-fernando-haddad/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKVnvgrkcfQ|title=Os compromissos de Bolsonaro em Taiwan.|work=Jair Bolsonaro|date=4 March 2018|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007191057/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKVnvgrkcfQ|url-status=live}}</ref> although Brazil recorded a US$20 billion trade surplus with China in 2018, and China is only the 13th largest source of foreign direct investment into Brazil.<ref name="ft">{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b5371a10-044a-11e9-bf0f-53b8511afd73|title=Bolsonaro will regret baiting the Chinese tiger|last=Spektor|first=Matias|date=27 December 2018|website=Financial Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228035040/https://www.ft.com/content/b5371a10-044a-11e9-bf0f-53b8511afd73|archive-date=28 December 2018|url-status=live|access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref> Bolsonaro said he wishes to continue to have business with the Chinese but he also said that Brazil should "make better [economic] deals" with other countries, with no "ideological agenda" behind it.<ref name="estadaomarco">{{cite news|first=Constança|last=Rezende|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,bolsonaro-quer-campo-de-refugiados-em-roraima,70002226010|title=Bolsonaro quer campo de refugiados em Roraima|newspaper=[[O Estado de S. Paulo]]|publisher=Grupo Estado|location=São Paulo, Brazil|date=14 March 2018|access-date=14 March 2018|archive-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427233428/https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,bolsonaro-quer-campo-de-refugiados-em-roraima,70002226010|url-status=live}}</ref> His stance towards China has also been interpreted as an attempt to curry favor from the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump]] administration to garner concessions from the US.<ref name="ft"/> However, Bolsonaro has mostly changed his position on China after he took office, saying that the two countries were "born to walk together" during his visit to Beijing in October 2019.<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/06/bolsonaro-losing-bet-trump-brazil-tariffs/|title=Bolsonaro Placed a Losing Bet on Trump|last=Stuenkel|first=Oliver|website=Foreign Policy|date=6 December 2019 |access-date=6 December 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191650/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/06/bolsonaro-losing-bet-trump-brazil-tariffs/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2019 |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3034658/common-ground-investment-still-no-hint-brazil-signing-chinas|title=Still no hint of Brazil signing up for China's Belt and Road Initiative |website=South China Morning Post|access-date=6 December 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191640/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3034658/common-ground-investment-still-no-hint-brazil-signing-chinas|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also said that Brazil will stay out of the ongoing [[China–United States trade war|China-U.S. trade war]].<ref name=":5" />

Bolsonaro said that his first international trip as president would be to [[Brazil–Israel relations|Israel]].<ref name="palestine">{{cite news |title=Israel hails election of Brazil's controversial Bolsonaro, who plans visit soon |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-hails-election-of-brazils-controversial-bolsonaro-who-plans-visit/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=29 October 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |archive-date=1 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101020510/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-hails-election-of-brazils-controversial-bolsonaro-who-plans-visit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bolsonaro also said that the [[State of Palestine]] "is not a country, so there should be no embassy here", adding that "you don't negotiate with terrorists."<ref name="palestine" /> The announcement was warmly received by the prime minister of Israel, [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], who welcomed Bolsonaro to Israel in March 2019 during the final weeks of a re-election campaign,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://jg-tc.com/news/world/netanyahu-warmly-welcomes-brazil-s-bolsonaro-in-israel/article_2b286bf8-4d6e-5f02-9a6d-4e83a9cf4e34.html|title=Netanyahu embraces Brazil's far-right Bolsonaro in Israel|work=Associated Presa|date=31 March 2019|access-date=6 April 2018|first=Ilan|last=Ben Zion|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406124230/https://jg-tc.com/news/world/netanyahu-warmly-welcomes-brazil-s-bolsonaro-in-israel/article_2b286bf8-4d6e-5f02-9a6d-4e83a9cf4e34.html|url-status=live}}</ref> but was met with condemnation from the [[Arab League]], which warned Bolsonaro it could damage diplomatic ties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/arab-league-warns-brazil-that-jerusalem-embassy-move-could-harm-ties/ |title=Arab League warns Brazil that Jerusalem embassy move could harm ties |work=Times of Israel |date=11 December 2018 |access-date=3 May 2019 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331171504/https://www.timesofisrael.com/arab-league-warns-brazil-that-jerusalem-embassy-move-could-harm-ties/}}</ref> "I love Israel," Bolsonaro said in Hebrew at a welcoming ceremony, with Netanyahu at his side, at Tel Aviv's Ben-Gurion airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/i-love-israel-brazils-bolsonaro-lands-in-tel-aviv/a-48134150|title='I love Israel' — Brazil's Bolsonaro lands in Tel Aviv |website=Deutsche Welle|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=4 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204235025/https://www.dw.com/en/i-love-israel-brazils-bolsonaro-lands-in-tel-aviv/a-48134150|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bolsonaro Xi Jinping China 2019.jpg|left|thumb|Bolsonaro with Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]] in October 2019]]
Bolsonaro also praised U.S. President Donald Trump and [[Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration|his foreign policy]],<ref name="foreignpolicy" /> and has been called "the tropical Trump".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/874c8a46-4873-11e9-bbc9-6917dce3dc62|title=Brazil's 'Tropical Trump' seeks to reset ties with White House visit|newspaper=Financial Times|date=18 March 2019 |access-date=9 November 2019|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109155433/https://www.ft.com/content/874c8a46-4873-11e9-bbc9-6917dce3dc62|url-status=live}}</ref> His son [[Eduardo Bolsonaro|Eduardo]] has indicated that Brazil should distance itself from Iran, sever ties with [[Nicolás Maduro]]'s government in Venezuela and relocate [[List of diplomatic missions in Israel|Brazil's embassy in Israel]] to Jerusalem.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil Should Shun Venezuela and Embrace Israel, Bolsonaro's Son Says |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-10/brazil-to-shun-venezuela-and-embrace-israel-bolsonaro-son-says |work=Bloomberg |date=10 October 2018 |access-date=29 October 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029232403/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-10/brazil-to-shun-venezuela-and-embrace-israel-bolsonaro-son-says |url-status=live }}</ref> Bolsonaro is widely considered the most pro-American candidate in Brazil since the 1980s. PSL members said that if elected, he would dramatically improve [[Brazil–United States relations|relations between the United States and Brazil]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|last=Wierson|first=Arick |url=https://observer.com/2018/10/brazil-elections-jair-bolsonaro-donald-trump/|title=Will Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro Become Trump's New Best Friend?|date=7 October 2018|website=[[The Observer]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012014611/https://observer.com/2018/10/brazil-elections-jair-bolsonaro-donald-trump/amp/ |archive-date=12 October 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> During an October 2017 campaign rally in [[Miami]], he saluted the American flag and led chants of "USA! USA!" to a large crowd.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/content/what-expect-jair-bolsonaro|title=What to Expect from Jair Bolsonaro|last=Winter|first=Brian|date=9 October 2018|website=[[Americas Quarterly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012053919/https://www.americasquarterly.org/content/what-expect-jair-bolsonaro|archive-date=12 October 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> U.S. National Security Advisor [[John R. Bolton|John Bolton]] praised Bolsonaro as a "like-minded" partner and said his victory was a "positive sign" for Latin America.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right president-elect wants to move Israel embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-embassy-israel-tel-aviv-jerusalem-middle-east-palestine-a8614066.html |work=The Independent |date=2 November 2018 |access-date=2 November 2018 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102190515/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-embassy-israel-tel-aviv-jerusalem-middle-east-palestine-a8614066.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the regional level, Bolsonaro praised Argentine President [[Mauricio Macri]] for ending the 12-year rule of [[Néstor Kirchner|Néstor]] and [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], which he saw as similar to Lula and Rousseff. Although he does not have plans to leave the [[Mercosur]], he criticized it for prioritizing ideological issues over economic ones.<ref>{{cite news|first= Alberto|last= Almendariz|url= https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2180830-bolsonaro-un-saludo-macri-termino-dilma-kirchner|title= Bolsonaro: "Un abrazo a Macri, que terminó con la 'Dilma Kirchner'"|trans-title= Bolsonaro: "A hug for Macri, who ended the 'Dilma-Kirchner'"|language= es|date= 11 October 2018|newspaper= La Nación|access-date= 29 October 2018|archive-date= 30 October 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181030035503/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2180830-bolsonaro-un-saludo-macri-termino-dilma-kirchner|url-status= live}}</ref> A staunch anti-communist, Bolsonaro has condemned [[Cuba]]'s former leader [[Fidel Castro]] and the current regime in that island.<ref name="churchill"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil's Bolsonaro names Trump fan top diplomat as Cuba relations sour |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics/brazils-bolsonaro-names-trump-fan-top-diplomat-as-cuba-relations-sour-idUSKCN1NJ31M |work=Reuters |date=3 December 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005931/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics/brazils-bolsonaro-names-trump-fan-top-diplomat-as-cuba-relations-sour-idUSKCN1NJ31M |url-status=live }}</ref>

Bolsonaro praised British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]], saying that he had learned from Churchill: "Patriotism, love for your fatherland, respect for your flag – something that has been lost over the last few years here in Brazil{{nbsp}}... and governing through example, especially at that difficult moment of the Second World War."<ref name="churchill">{{cite news |title=Jair Bolsonaro denies he is a fascist and paints himself as a Brazilian Churchill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/30/jair-bolsonaro-denies-he-is-a-fascist-brazilian-churchill |work=The Guardian |date=30 October 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030232222/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/30/jair-bolsonaro-denies-he-is-a-fascist-brazilian-churchill |url-status=live }}</ref> Bolsonaro said he's open to the possibility of hosting a [[United States military deployments|U.S. military base]] in Brazil to counter Russian influence in the region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil military uneasy with Bolsonaro's openness to U.S. base: source |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-usa-base/brazil-military-uneasy-with-bolsonaros-openness-to-u-s-base-source-idUSKCN1OZ0IW |publisher=Reuters |date=5 January 2019 |access-date=17 January 2019 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121406/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-usa-base/brazil-military-uneasy-with-bolsonaros-openness-to-u-s-base-source-idUSKCN1OZ0IW |url-status=live }}</ref> With the intention to persuade Trump to make Brazil a [[NATO]] member in March 2019, Bolsonaro said: "the discussions with the United States will begin in the coming months".<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump says strongly considering NATO membership for Brazil |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-brazil-nato/trump-says-looking-at-nato-membership-for-brazil-idUSKCN1R024O |publisher=Reuters |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=20 March 2019 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320191314/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-brazil-nato/trump-says-looking-at-nato-membership-for-brazil-idUSKCN1R024O |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Trump says looking at NATO membership for Brazil|url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/19/trump-says-looking-at-nato-membership-for-brazil|publisher=Euronews|date=19 March 2019|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320191315/https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/19/trump-says-looking-at-nato-membership-for-brazil|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Diplomacia em primeiro lugar, até as últimas consequências', diz Bolsonaro sobre Venezuela|url=https://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2019/03/19/diplomacia-em-primeiro-lugar-ate-as-ultimas-consequencias-diz-bolsonaro-sobre-venezuela.ghtml|website=G1.globo.com|date=19 March 2019|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320191314/https://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2019/03/19/diplomacia-em-primeiro-lugar-ate-as-ultimas-consequencias-diz-bolsonaro-sobre-venezuela.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Em almoço fechado, Trump diz querer Brasil como membro pleno da Otan|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2019/03/em-almoco-fechado-trump-diz-querer-brasil-como-membro-pleno-da-otan.shtml|publisher=Folha de S.Paulo|date=20 March 2019|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320191318/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2019/03/em-almoco-fechado-trump-diz-querer-brasil-como-membro-pleno-da-otan.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bolsonaro and Putin in November 2019 (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Bolsonaro with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] in November 2019]]
With formal U.S. support for Brazil's entry to [[OECD]] in May 2019, Bolsonaro said, "currently, all 36 members of the organization support the entry of the country, fruit of confidence in the new Brazil being built, more free, open and fair".<ref>{{cite news|title=Official Twitter of President Jair Bolsonaro|url=https://twitter.com/jairbolsonaro/status/1131634002824245248|publisher=@jairbolsonaro|language=pt|date=23 May 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319082243/https://twitter.com/jairbolsonaro/status/1131634002824245248|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Official Twitter of United States Embassy in Brazil|url=https://twitter.com/EmbaixadaEUA/status/1131526230073851909|publisher=@EmbaixadaEUA|language=pt|date=23 May 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=15 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815163809/https://twitter.com/EmbaixadaEUA/status/1131526230073851909|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=USA Officially Supports Brazil's Candidature to The OECD|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/business/2019/05/usa-officially-supports-brazils-candidature-to-the-oecd.shtml|publisher=Folha de S.Paulo|date=24 May 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=8 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308151357/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/business/2019/05/usa-officially-supports-brazils-candidature-to-the-oecd.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2019, on a state visit to China, he announced the end of the need for visas for Chinese and Indian entry into Brazil. Brazil had already removed the need for visas for people from the U.S., Canada, Japan, and Australia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil says it will no longer require visas from Chinese, Indian citizens|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-visas/brazil-says-it-will-no-longer-require-visas-from-chinese-indian-citizens-idUSKBN1X32AX|publisher=Reuters|date=25 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025204021/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-visas/brazil-says-it-will-no-longer-require-visas-from-chinese-indian-citizens-idUSKBN1X32AX|url-status=live}}</ref>