Editing Flaviviridae (section)

==Host range and evolutionary history==
A wide variety of natural hosts are used by different members of the ''Flaviviridae'', including fish, mammals including humans and various invertebrates, such as those specific to mollusks and crustaceans.<ref name=lensink2022>{{cite journal|title=Aquatic Flaviviruses|vauthors=Lensink MJ, Li Y, Lequime S|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=96|issue=17|year=2022|pages=e0043922 |doi=10.1128/jvi.00439-22|pmid=35975997|pmc=9472621|id=Art. No. e00439-22}}</ref>  The genomes of these flaviviruses show close [[synteny]] with that of the flavivirus type species, yellow fever virus.<ref name=parryasgari2019>{{cite journal|vauthors=Parry R, Asgari S|title=Discovery of Novel Crustacean and Cephalopod Flaviviruses: Insights into the Evolution and Circulation of Flaviviruses between Marine Invertebrate and Vertebrate Hosts|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=93|issue=14|id=Art. No. e00432-19|year=2019|doi=10.1128/JVI.00432-19|pmid=31068424|pmc=6600200}}</ref>  One flavivirus, the [[Wenzhou shark flavivirus]], infects both [[Pacific spadenose shark]]s (''Scoliodon macrorhynchos'') and [[Gazami crab]]s (''Portunus trituberculatus'') with overlapping ranges, raising the possibility of a two-host marine lifecycle.<ref name=lensink2022/>  However, another clade of flavivirus, the insect-specific flaviviruses, have genomes that do not demonstrate strong synteny with any of these groups, suggesting a complex evolutionary history.<ref name="ICTVReport"/><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Shi M, Lin XD, Vasilakis N, Tian JH, Li CX, Chen LJ, Eastwood G, Diao XN, Chen MH, Chen X, Qin XC, Widen SG, Wood TG, Tesh RB, Xu J, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ|display-authors=6|title=Divergent Viruses Discovered in Arthropods and Vertebrates Revise the Evolutionary History of the Flaviviridae and Related Viruses|journal=Journal of Virology|year=2015|volume=90|issue=2|pages=659–669|doi=10.1128/JVI.02036-15|pmid=26491167|pmc=4702705}}</ref>

Flavivirus [[endogenous viral element]]s, traces of flavivirus genomes integrated into the host's DNA, are found in many species, including a tadpole shrimp ''[[Lepidurus articus]]'', the water flea ''[[Daphnia magna]]'' and a freshwater jellyfish ''[[Craspedacusta sowerbii]]'',<ref name=parryasgari2019/> suggesting ancient coevolution between animal and flavivirus lineages.<ref name=lensink2022/><ref name=parryasgari2019/>   Many of the well-known members of the family causing disease in vertebrates are transmitted via arthropod vectors (ticks and mosquitoes).<ref name="ICTVReport" /><ref name="ViralZone" /><ref name=parryasgari2019/>