Editing Fisting (section)

==Risks==
Safe enjoyment of fisting requires an understanding of potential risks and techniques for mitigating them.<ref name=":31" /><ref name=":2" /> Fisting carries a risk of transmitting [[sexually transmitted infection]]s. When practiced improperly, fisting can cause serious injuries, including [[organ perforation|perforation]] of the vagina, [[perineum]], rectum, or [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]], that in rare cases can result in death.<ref name=":31" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=C. E. |last2=Giles |first2=A. |last3=Nelson |first3=M. |date=2004 |title=Sexual trauma associated with fisting and recreational drugs |journal=[[Sexually Transmitted Infections (journal)|Sexually Transmitted Infections]] |volume=80 |issue=6 |pages=469–470 |doi=10.1136/sti.2004.011171 |pmc=1744939 |pmid=15572616}}<!--|access-date=March 6, 2014--></ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Preuß |first1=Johanna |last2=Strehler |first2=Marco |last3=Dettmeyer |first3=Reinhard |last4=Madea |first4=Burkhard |title=Tod nach analem 'fisting' |trans-title=Death after anal 'fisting' |language=de |journal=Archiv für Kriminologie |date=January 2008 |volume=221 |issue=1–2 |pages=28–35 |pmid=18389861 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Torre |first1=Carlo |title=Delayed Death from 'Fisting' |journal=The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology |date=March 1987 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=91 |doi=10.1097/00000433-198703000-00026 |pmid=3578218 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fain |first1=Dawn B. |last2=McCormick |first2=George M. |date=March 1989 |title=Vaginal 'Fisting' as a Cause of Death |journal=[[The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology]] |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=73–75 |doi=10.1097/00000433-198903000-00019 |pmid=2929548}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reay |first1=Donald T. |last2=Eisele |first2=John W. |date=December 1983 |title=Sexual abuse and death of an elderly lady by 'fisting' |journal=[[The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology]] |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=347–350 |doi=10.1097/00000433-198312000-00013 |pmid=6666762}}</ref> Sexual activities that force air into the vagina can lead to a fatal [[air embolism]], predominantly during pregnancy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaiser |first1=Rachel T. |date=November 1994 |title=Air Embolism Death of a Pregnant Woman Secondary to Orogenital Sex |journal=[[Academic Emergency Medicine]] |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=555–558 |doi=10.1111/j.1553-2712.1994.tb02552.x |pmid=7600403 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

A 2021 study found that men who practiced anal fisting were more likely to experience [[fecal incontinence]] than men who engaged in other forms of anal sex, but more research is required to establish a causal link and determine whether this is temporary or long-term.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Rachel |date=2022 |title=Factors Associated With Fecal Incontinence After Receptive Anal Intercourse in Men Who Have Sex With Men |url=https://www.smsna.org/patients/blog/factors-associated-with-fecal-incontinence-after-receptive-anal-intercourse-in-men-who-have-sex-with-men |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=SMSNA |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{cite journal |last1=Garros |first1=Aurélien |last2=Bourrely |first2=Michel |last3=Sagaon-Teyssier |first3=Luis |last4=Sow |first4=Abdourahmane |last5=Lydie |first5=Nathalie |last6=Duchesne |first6=Lucie |last7=Higuero |first7=Thierry |last8=Damon |first8=Henri |last9=Velter |first9=Annie |last10=Abramowitz |first10=Laurent |date=1 November 2021 |title=Risk of Fecal Incontinence Following Receptive Anal Intercourse: Survey of 21,762 Men Who Have Sex with Men |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |volume=18 |issue=11 |pages=1880–1890 |doi=10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.014 |pmid=34645594}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Avital Bar |last2=Kalichman |first2=Leonid |date=November 2024 |title=Pelvic Floor Disorders Due to Anal Sexual Activity in Men and Women: A Narrative Review |journal=[[Archives of Sexual Behavior]] |volume=53 |issue=10 |pages=4089–4098 |doi=10.1007/s10508-024-02995-2 |pmc=11588838 |pmid=39287780 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Sarah |date=2022 |title=Is It Safe to Have Anal Sex? |url=https://www.goodrx.com/health-topic/sexual-health/anal-sex-safe |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=[[GoodRx]] |language=en}}</ref>

A 2022 study found that "clinical and forensic research has over-inflated the 'dangers' of fisting without an understanding of contexts in which fisting takes place."<ref name=":15" /> It also found that anal and vaginal fisting present "low to no risk" of sexually transmitted infections.<ref name=":15" /> Gloves, lubricant, and fingernail trimming can help reduce risk.<ref>{{cite book|last=van Dyk|first=Alta C.|title=HIVAIDS Care & Counselling|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BZQ9LqUHDWYC&pg=PA156|access-date=March 4, 2014|edition=4|year=2008|publisher=Pearson South Africa|isbn=978-1-77025-171-7|page=156}}</ref><ref name=":19" /><ref name=":20" />