Editing Fir (section)

== Classification ==
The oldest pollen assignable to the genus dates to the Late Cretaceous in Siberia, with records of leaves and reproductive organs across the Northern Hemisphere from the [[Eocene]] onwards.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xiang |first1=Xiaoguo |last2=Cao |first2=Ming |last3=Zhou |first3=Zhekun |date=October 2007 |title=Fossil history and modern distribution of the genus Abies (Pinaceae) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11461-007-0058-4 |journal=Frontiers of Forestry in China |language=en |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=355–365 |doi=10.1007/s11461-007-0058-4 |issn=1673-3517 |access-date=2023-02-15 |archive-date=2024-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101153338/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11461-007-0058-4 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{cladogram|title=Phylogeny of ''Abies''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |last2=Qu |first2=Xiao-Jian |last3=Parins-Fukuchi |first3=Caroline |last4=Yang |first4=Ying-Ying |last5=Yang |first5=Jun-Bo |last6=Yang |first6=Zhi-Yun |last7=Hu |first7=Yi |last8=Ma |first8=Hong |last9=Soltis |first9=Pamela S. |last10=Soltis |first10=Douglas E. |last11=Li |first11=De-Zhu |last12=Smith |first12=Stephen A. |last13=Yi |first13=Ting-Shuang |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms |journal=Nature Plants |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4 |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=1015–1025 |doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4 |biorxiv=10.1101/2021.03.13.435279 |pmid=34282286 |pmc= |bibcode= 2021NatPl...7.1015S|s2cid=232282918 |doi-access= |access-date=2023-03-30 |archive-date=2022-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110174725/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre |publisher=Figshare |doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Gene_duplications_and_genomic_conflict_underlie_major_pulses_of_phenotypic_evolution_in_gymnosperms/14547354 |doi-access= |access-date=2023-03-30 |archive-date=2024-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101153348/https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Gene_duplications_and_genomic_conflict_underlie_major_pulses_of_phenotypic_evolution_in_gymnosperms/14547354 |url-status=live }}</ref>|
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%;width:450px
|1={{clade
  |1={{clade
    |label1=('''''Pseudotorreya''''')
    |1=''[[Abies bracteata|A. bracteata]]'' <small>(Don) Poit.</small>
     }}
  |2={{clade
    |label1=('''''Religio''''')
    |1={{clade
      |1={{clade
        |label1=section
        |sublabel1=''Amabilis''
        |1={{clade
          |1=''[[Abies mariesii|A. mariesii]]'' <small>Masters</small>
          |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Abies amabilis|A. amabilis]]'' <small>(Douglas ex Loudon) Forbes</small>
            |2=''[[Abies procera|A. procera]]'' <small>Rehder</small>
             }}
           }}
         }}
      |2={{clade
        |label1=section
        |sublabel1=''Nobiles''
        |1=''[[Abies magnifica|A. magnifica]]'' <small>Murray</small>
        |label2=section
        |sublabel2=''Grandis''
        |2={{clade
          |1=''[[Abies concolor|A. concolor]]'' <small>(Gordon) Lindley ex Hildebr.</small>
          |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Abies jaliscana|A. jaliscana]]'' <small>(Martínez) Mantilla, Shalisko & Vázquez</small>
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Abies guatemalensis|A. guatemalensis]]'' <small>Rehder</small>
              |2={{clade
                |1=''[[Abies hickelii|A. hickelii]]'' <small>Flous & Gaussen</small>
                |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Abies flinckii|A. flinckii]]'' <small>Rushforth</small>
                  |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Abies vejarii|A. vejarii]]'' <small>Martínez</small>
                    |2={{clade
                      |1=''[[Abies durangensis|A. durangensis]]'' <small>Martínez</small>
                      |2={{clade
                        |1=''[[Abies religiosa|A. religiosa]]'' <small>(Kunth) von Schlechtendal & von Chamisso</small>
                        |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Abies hidalgensis|A. hidalgensis]]'' <small>Debreczy, Rácz & Guízar</small>
                          |2={{clade
                            |1=''[[Abies grandis|A. grandis]]'' <small>(Douglas ex Don) Lindley</small>
                            |2=''[[Abies lowiana|A. lowiana]]'' <small>(Gordon) Murray</small>
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
    |label2=('''''Abies''''')
    |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
        |label1=section
        |sublabel1=''Abies''
        |1={{clade
          |1=''[[Abies alba|A. alba]]'' <small>Miller</small>
          |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Abies pinsapo|A. pinsapo]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Abies cephalonica|A. cephalonica]]'' <small>Loudon</small>
              |2={{clade
                |1=''[[Abies nebrodensis|A. nebrodensis]]'' <small>(Lojac.) Mattei</small>
                |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Abies nordmanniana|A. nordmanniana]]'' <small>(Steven) Spach</small>
                  |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Abies numidica|A. numidica]]'' <small>de Lannoy ex Carrière</small>
                    |2={{clade
                      |1=''[[Abies borisii-regis|A. ×borisii-regis]]'' <small>Mattf.</small>
                      |2=''[[Abies cilicica|A. cilicica]]'' <small>(Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière</small>
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
      |2={{clade
        |1={{clade
          |label1=section
          |sublabel1=''Balsamea''
          |1={{clade
            |1=''[[Abies lasiocarpa|A. lasiocarpa]]'' <small>(Hooker) Nuttall</small>
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Abies ernestii|A. ernestii]]'' <small>Rehder</small>
              |2=''[[Abies balsamea|A. balsamea]]'' <small>(von Linné) Miller</small>
               }}
             }}
           }}
        |2={{clade
          |label1=section
          |sublabel1=''Sibiria''
          |1={{clade
            |1=''[[Abies firma|A. firma]]'' <small>Siebold & Zuccarini</small>
            |2=''[[Abies sibirica|A. sibirica]]'' <small>Ledeb.</small>
             }}
          |label2=section
          |sublabel2=''Pseudopicea''
          |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Abies fanjingshanensis|A. fanjingshanensis]]'' <small>Huang, Tu & Fang</small>
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Abies ziyuanensis|A. ziyuanensis]]'' <small>Fu & Mo</small>
              |2={{clade
                |label1=series
                |sublabel1=''Squamatae''
                |1={{clade
                  |1=''[[Abies kawakamii|A. kawakamii]]'' <small>(Hayata) Itô</small>
                  |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Abies chensiensis|A. chensiensis]]'' <small>van Tieghem</small>
                    |2={{clade
                      |1=''[[Abies squamata|A. squamata]]'' <small>Masters</small>
                      |2={{clade
                        |1=''[[Abies beshanzuensis|A. beshanzuensis]]'' <small>Wu</small>
                        |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Abies pindrow|A. pindrow]]'' <small>(Royle ex Don) Royle</small>
                          |2={{clade
                            |1=''[[Abies recurvata|A. recurvata]]'' <small>Masters</small>
                            |2=''[[Abies fargesii|A. fargesii]]'' <small>Franchet</small>
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                |label2=series
                |sublabel2=''Spectabiles''
                |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Abies koreana|A. koreana]]'' <small>Wilson</small>
                  |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Abies nephrolepis|A. nephrolepis]]'' <small>(Trautvetter ex Maxim.) Maxim.</small>
                    |2={{clade
                      |1={{clade
                        |1=''[[Abies holophylla|A. holophylla]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
                        |2=''[[Abies sachalinensis|A. sachalinensis]]'' <small>(Schmidt) Masters</small>
                         }}
                      |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                          |1=''[[Abies fabri|A. fabri]]'' <small>(Masters) Craib</small>
                          |2=''[[Abies veitchii|A. veitchii]]'' <small>Lindley</small>
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Abies fraseri|A. fraseri]]'' <small>(Pursh) Poiret</small>
                          |2={{clade
                            |1=''[[Abies delavayi|A. delavayi]]'' <small>Franchet</small>
                            |2={{clade
                              |1={{clade
                                |1=''[[Abies densa|A. densa]]'' <small>Griffith</small>
                                |2=''[[Abies spectabilis|A. spectabilis]]'' <small>(Don) de Mirbel</small>
                                 }}
                              |2={{clade
                                |1=''[[Abies nukiangensis|A. nukiangensis]]'' <small>Cheng & Fu</small>
                                |2={{clade
                                  |1=''[[Abies ferreana|A. ferreana]]'' <small>Bordères & Gaussen</small>
                                  |2={{clade
                                    |1=''[[Abies forrestii|A. forrestii]]'' <small>Coltm.-Rog.</small>
                                    |2={{clade
                                      |1=''[[Abies georgei|A. georgei]]'' <small>Orr</small>
                                      |2={{clade
                                        |1=''[[Abies homolepis|A. homolepis]]'' <small>Siebold & Zuccarini</small>
                                        |2=''[[Abies yuanbaoshanensis|A. yuanbaoshanensis]]'' <small>Lu & Fu</small>
                                         }}
                                       }}
                                     }}
                                   }}
                                 }}
                               }}
                             }}
                           }}
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
   }}
}}
}}

===Section ''Abies''===
'''Section ''Abies''''' is found in central, south, and eastern Europe and Asia Minor.
* ''[[Abies alba]]'' – silver fir or European silver fir
* ''[[Abies nebrodensis]]'' – Sicilian fir
* ''[[Abies borisii-regis]]'' – Bulgarian fir
* ''[[Abies cephalonica]]'' – Greek fir
* ''[[Abies nordmanniana]]'' – Caucasian fir or Nordmann fir
** [[Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani|''Abies nordmanniana'' subsp. ''equi-trojani'']] – Kazdağı fir, Turkish fir
* ''[[Abies pinsapo]]'' – Spanish fir
** ''Abies pinsapo'' var. ''marocana'' – Moroccan fir
* ''[[Abies numidica]]'' – Algerian fir
* ''[[Abies cilicica]]'' – Syrian fir

===Section ''Balsamea''===
'''Section ''Balsamea''''' is found in northern Asia and North America, and high mountains further south.
* ''[[Abies fraseri]]'' – Fraser's fir
* ''[[Abies balsamea]]'' – balsam fir
** ''Abies balsamea'' var. ''phanerolepis'' – bracted balsam fir
* ''[[Abies lasiocarpa]]'' – subalpine fir
** ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''arizonica'' – corkbark fir
** ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''bifolia'' – Rocky Mountains subalpine fir
* ''[[Abies sibirica]]'' – Siberian fir
** ''Abies sibirica'' var. ''semenovii''
* ''[[Abies sachalinensis]]'' – Sakhalin fir
* ''[[Abies koreana]]'' – Korean fir
* ''[[Abies nephrolepis]]'' – Khinghan fir
* ''[[Abies veitchii]]'' – Veitch's fir
** ''Abies veitchii'' var. ''sikokiana'' – Shikoku fir

===Section ''Grandis''===
'''Section ''Grandis''''' is found in western North America to Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, in lowlands in the north, moderate altitudes in south.
* ''[[Abies grandis]]'' – grand fir or giant fir
** ''Abies grandis'' var. ''grandis'' – Coast grand fir
** ''Abies grandis'' var. ''idahoensis'' – interior grand fir
* ''[[Abies concolor]]'' – white fir
** ''Abies concolor'' subsp. ''concolor'' – Rocky Mountain white fir or Colorado white fir
** ''Abies concolor'' subsp. ''lowiana'' – Low's white fir or Sierra Nevada white fir
* ''[[Abies durangensis]]'' – Durango fir
** ''Abies durangensis'' var. ''coahuilensis'' – Coahuila fir
* ''[[Abies flinckii]]'' – Jalisco fir
* ''[[Abies guatemalensis]]'' – Guatemalan fir
** ''Abies guatemalensis'' var. ''guatemalensis''
** ''Abies guatemalensis'' var. ''jaliscana''
* ''[[Abies vejarii]]''

===Section ''Momi''===
'''Section ''Momi''''' is found in east and central Asia and the Himalaya, generally at low to moderate altitudes.
* ''[[Abies kawakamii]]'' – Taiwan fir
* ''[[Abies homolepis]]'' – Nikko fir
* ''[[Abies recurvata]]'' – Min fir
** ''Abies recurvata'' var. ''ernestii'' – Min fir
* ''[[Abies firma]]'' – Momi fir
* ''[[Abies beshanzuensis]]'' – Baishanzu fir
* ''[[Abies holophylla]]'' – Manchurian fir
* ''[[Abies chensiensis]]'' – Shensi fir
** ''Abies chensiensis'' subsp. ''salouenensis'' – Salween fir
* ''[[Abies pindrow]]'' – Pindrow fir
* ''[[Abies ziyuanensis]]'' – Ziyuan fir

===Section ''Amabilis''===
'''Section ''Amabilis''''' is found in the Pacific Coast mountains in North America and Japan, in high rainfall areas.
* ''[[Abies amabilis]]'' – Pacific silver fir
* ''[[Abies mariesii]]'' – Maries' fir

===Section ''Pseudopicea''===
[[File:Abies fabri in mist.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Abies fabri|A. fabri]]'', Sichuan, China]]
'''Section ''Pseudopicea''''' is found in the [[Himalaya|Sino – Himalayan mountains]] at high altitudes.
* ''[[Abies delavayi]]'' – Delavay's fir
** ''Abies delavayi'' var. ''nukiangensis''
** ''Abies delavayi'' var. ''motuoensis''
** ''Abies delavayi'' subsp. ''fansipanensis''
* ''[[Abies fabri]]'' – Faber's fir
** ''Abies fabri'' subsp. ''minensis''
* ''[[Abies forrestii]]'' – Forrest's fir
* ''[[Abies densa]]'' – Bhutan fir
* ''[[Abies spectabilis]]'' – East Himalayan fir
* ''[[Abies fargesii]]'' –  Farges' fir
* ''[[Abies fanjingshanensis]]'' – Fanjingshan fir
* ''[[Abies yuanbaoshanensis]]'' – Yuanbaoshan fir
* ''[[Abies squamata]]'' – flaky fir

===Section ''Oiamel''===
'''Section ''Oiamel''''' is found in central Mexico at high altitudes.
* ''[[Abies religiosa]]'' – sacred fir
* ''[[Abies hickelii]]'' – Hickel's fir
** ''Abies hickelii'' var. ''oaxacana'' – Oaxaca fir

===Section ''Nobilis''===
[[File:Red fir.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Abies magnifica|A. magnifica]]'', California, USA]]
'''Section ''Nobilis''''' (western [[United States|U.S.]], high altitudes)
* ''[[Abies procera]]'' – noble fir
* ''[[Abies magnifica]]'' – red fir
** ''Abies magnifica'' var. ''shastensis'' – Shasta red fir

===Section ''Bracteata''===
'''Section ''Bracteata''''' ([[California]] coast)
* ''[[Abies bracteata]]'' – bristlecone fir
*?†''[[Abies rigida]]'' {{small|[[Frank Knowlton]]|Knowlton}}<ref name="Knowlton1923">{{cite report |last1=Knowlton |first1=F.H. |year=1923 |title=Fossil plants from the Tertiary lake beds of South-Сentral Colorado |series=Professional Paper |publisher=United States Geological Survey |volume=131-G |pages=183–197  |doi=10.3133/pp131G |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="WolfeSchorn1990">{{cite report |last1=Wolfe |first1=J.A. |last2=Schorn |first2=H.E. |year=1990 |title=Taxonomic revision of the Spermatopsida of the Oligocene Creede flora, southern Colorado |series=Bulletin |publisher=United States Geological Survey |volume=1923 |pages=1–40  |doi=10.3133/b1923 |doi-access=free }}</ref> - ([[Priabonian]]-[[Chattian]]; Colorado)

===Section ''Incertae sedis''===
'''Section ''Incertae sedis'''''
* †''[[Abies milleri]]'' – (Extinct) Early [[Eocene]]<ref name="Schorn01" />