Editing Final Solution (section)

===''Reichskommissariat Ukraine''===
{{see also|Reichskommissariat Ukraine}}
Within one week from the start of [[Operation Barbarossa]], Heydrich issued an order to his ''Einsatzgruppen'' for the on-the-spot execution of all Bolsheviks, interpreted by the SS to mean all Jews. One of the first indiscriminate massacres of men, women, and children in [[Reichskommissariat Ukraine]] took the lives of over 4,000 Polish Jews in [[Łuck Ghetto|occupied Łuck]] on 2–4 July 1941, murdered by ''Einsatzkommando'' 4a assisted by the [[Ukrainian People's Militia]].<ref name="jz193">{{cite book |first=Joshua D. |last=Zimmerman |author-link=Joshua D. Zimmerman |year=2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4dsCQAAQBAJ&q=%22%C5%81uck+ghetto%22 |title=The Polish Underground and the Jews, 1939–1945 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |via=Google Books |page=193|isbn=978-1107014268 }}</ref> Formed officially on 20 August 1941, the ''Reichskommissariat Ukraine''—stretching from prewar east-central Poland to Crimea—had become operational theatre of the ''Einsatzgruppe'' C. Within the Soviet Union proper, between 9 July 1941 and 19 September 1941 the city of [[Zhytomyr]] was made ''[[Judenfrei]]'' in three murder operations conducted by German and Ukrainian police in which 10,000 Jews perished.<ref name="YV1941"/> In the [[Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre]] of 26–28 August 1941 some 23,600 Jews were shot in front of open pits (including 14,000–18,000 people expelled from Hungary).<ref name="YV1941"/><ref name=RLB>{{cite book |title=The Politics of Genocide |first=Randolph L. |last=Braham |author-link=Randolph L. Braham |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATpHs6fgr_YC&q=Kamenets+Report |isbn=0814326919 |page=34}}</ref> After an [[1941 Bila Tserkva massacre|incident in Bila Tserkva]] in which 90 small children left behind had to be shot separately, [[Paul Blobel|Blobel]] requested that Jewish mothers hold them in their arms during mass shootings.<ref name="WLo">{{cite book |title=Nazi Empire-Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine |first=Wendy |last=Lower | author-link=Wendy Lower | publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |year=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UwDmUJWdcJkC&q=Radomyshl%27+Bila+Tserkva+Ukrainians |isbn=0807876917 |page=253}}</ref><ref name="ESt">{{cite book |title=Life In The Ghettos During The Holocaust |first=Eric |last=Sterling |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=2005 |isbn=0815608039 |page=127 |via=Google Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywZG1TwqHwoC&q=Bila+Tserkva+4a%2C+Ukrainian}}</ref> Long before the conference at Wannsee, 28,000 Jews were shot by SS and Ukrainian military in [[Vinnytsia]] on 22 September 1941, followed by the 29 September massacre of 33,771 Jews at [[Babi Yar]].<ref name="YV1941">{{cite web |title=Goering orders Heydrich to prepare the plan for the Final Solution of the Jewish Problem |work=The Holocaust Timeline 1940–1945 |author=Yad Vashem |year=2016 |publisher=The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority |url=http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/timeline/timeline_40.asp |access-date=26 January 2016 |archive-date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715001155/http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/timeline/timeline_40.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Desbois">{{cite web |title=Places of Massacres by German Task Forces between 1941–1943 |year=2009 |publisher=TOS Gemeinde Tübingen |location=Germany |first=Patrick |last=Desbois |author-link=Patrick Desbois |url=http://www.marchoflife.org/fileadmin/data/_TOS-info/2010/downloads/map_ukraine_english.pdf |access-date=26 January 2016 |archive-date=9 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009213903/http://www.marchoflife.org/fileadmin/data/_TOS-info/2010/downloads/map_ukraine_english.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In [[Dnipropetrovsk]], on 13 October 1941 some 10,000–15,000 Jews were shot.<ref name=AEi92/> In [[Chernihiv]], 10,000 Jews were murdered and only 260 Jews were spared.<ref name=AEi92/> In mid-October, during the [[Kryvyi Rih|Krivoy-Rog]] massacre of 4,000–5,000 Soviet Jews the entire [[Ukrainian Auxiliary Police|Ukrainian auxiliary police]] force actively participated.<ref name=MBer>{{cite book |title=The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined |author-link=Michael Berenbaum |first=Michael |last=Berenbaum |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zkZC6bp3upsC&q=Krivoy-Rog |isbn=0253215293 |page=257}} ''Also in:'' {{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: K-Se |author1=Shmuel Spector |author2=Geoffrey Wigoder |publisher=NYU Press |year=2001 |isbn=0814793770 |page=679 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MZzY8sG8yNsC&q=KRIVOY+ROG}}</ref> In the first days of January 1942 in [[Kharkiv]], 12,000 Jews were murdered, but smaller massacres continued in this period on daily basis in countless other locations.<ref name=AEi92>{{cite book |title=The trial of Adolf Eichmann: record of proceedings in the District Court of Jerusalem |isbn=0317058401 |id=Volume 1 |author1=Adolf Eichmann |author2=Bet ha-mishpaṭ ha-meḥozi |author3=Miśrad ha-mishpaṭim |publisher=Trust for the Publication of the Proceedings of the Eichmann Trial, in co-operation with the Israel State Archives, and Yad Vashem |year=1992 |pages=522, 93 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-7zAAAAMAAJ&q=Dnepropetrovsk}} ''Also in:'' {{cite book |title=Stalin and Europe: Imitation and Domination, 1928–1953 |author1=Timothy Snyder |author2=Ray Brandon |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0199945573 |page=194 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZBtAwAAQBAJ&q=Dnipropetrovsk+15%2C000 |quote=Quoted 15,000 dead at [[Dnipropetrovsk]] and 12,000 Jews murdered in [[Kharkiv]].}}</ref> In August 1942 in the presence of only a few German SS men over 5,000 Jews were massacred in Polish [[Zofjówka]] by the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police leading to the town's complete sweep from existence.<ref>{{cite web |author=Beit Tal |year=2010 |title=Zofiówka |publisher=[[POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews]] |url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/zofiowka/5,historia/ |access-date=27 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230081456/http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/zofiowka/5,historia/ |archive-date=30 December 2014 |url-status=dead }} Also in: {{cite web |author=Beit Tal |year=2014 |title=Truchenbrod – Lozisht |publisher=The Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora |url=http://www.bet-tal.com/index.aspx?id=2421 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810091732/http://www.bet-tal.com/index.aspx?id=2421 |archive-date=10 August 2014 }}</ref>