Editing Figure skating (section)

==Disciplines==
Figure skating consists of the following disciplines:
*In '''[[Single skating]]''', male and female skaters compete individually. Figure skating is the oldest winter sport contested at the Olympics, with men's and women's single skating appearing as two of the four figure skating events at the [[1908 Summer Olympics|London Games in 1908]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Olympic Figure Skating at Beijing 2022: Top Five Things to Know |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/olympic-figure-skating-at-beijing-2022-top-five-things-to-know |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=Olympics.com |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104220916/https://olympics.com/en/news/olympic-figure-skating-at-beijing-2022-top-five-things-to-know |url-status=live }}</ref> Single skating has required elements that skaters must perform during a competition and that make up a well-balanced skating program. They include [[Figure skating jumps|jumps]] (and jump combinations), [[Figure skating spins|spins]], [[step sequences]], and [[choreographic sequence]]s.<ref name="S&P/ID2022-112">S&P/ID 2022, pp. 105—106, 110</ref>
*'''[[Pair skating]]''' is defined as "the skating of two persons in unison who perform their movements in such harmony with each other as to give the impression of genuine Pair Skating as compared with independent Single Skating".<ref name="ISU2022-109">S&P/ID 2022, p. 113</ref> The ISU also states that a pairs team consists of "one Woman and one Man".<ref name="ISU2021-9">S&P/ID 2022, p. 9</ref> Pair skating, along with men's and women's single skating, has been an Olympic discipline since figure skating, the oldest Winter Olympic sport, was introduced at the [[1908 Summer Olympics]] in London.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Figure Skating |url=https://www.olympic.org/figure-skating-equipment-and-history |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=Olympic.org |archive-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412020129/https://www.olympic.org/figure-skating-equipment-and-history |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[1908 World Figure Skating Championships|ISU World Figure Skating Championships]] introduced pair skating in 1908.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 November 2017 |title=ISU Archives – History of Figure Skating |url=https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/figure-skating-other/news-fs/11675-archives-history-of-figure-skating?highlight=WyJoaXN0b3J5Il0=&templateParam=15 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |publisher=International Skating Union |location=Lausanne, Switzerland |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227001334/https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/figure-skating-other/news-fs/11675-archives-history-of-figure-skating?highlight=WyJoaXN0b3J5Il0=&templateParam=15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pair skating required elements include [[Figure skating lifts#Pair lifts|lifts]], twist lifts, [[Figure skating jumps#Jumps in pair skating|jumps]] and partner assisted jumps, [[Figure skating spins#Pair skating|pair spins]], [[Death spiral (figure skating)|death spirals]], [[step sequence]]s, and [[choreographic sequence]]s.<ref>S&P/ID 2022, pp. 115–117, 118-—119</ref> The elements performed by pairs teams must be "linked together by connecting steps of a different nature"<ref name="ISU2022-1093">S&P/ID 2022, p. 110</ref> and by other comparable movements and with a variety of holds and positions.
*'''[[Ice dance]]''' historically draws from [[ballroom dancing]]. It joined the [[World Figure Skating Championships]] in 1952, and became a [[Winter Olympic Games]] medal sport in 1976.{{Sfn|Kestnbaum|2003|p=223}} According to the ISU, an ice dance team consists of one woman and one man.<ref name="ISU2021-9"/> Ice dance has its roots in the "combined skating" developed in the 19th century by skating clubs and organizations and in recreational social skating.{{Sfn|Kestnbaum|2003|pp=xiv, 102}} The first national competitions occurred in England, Canada, the U.S., and Austria during the 1930s.{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=102}} The first international ice dance competition took place as a special event at the [[1950 World Figure Skating Championships|World Championships in 1950]] in London.{{sfn|Hines|2011|pp=173–174}} The elements ice dance teams must perform are the dance [[Figure skating lifts|lift]], the dance [[Figure skating spins|spin]], the [[step sequence]], [[twizzle]]s, and choreographic elements.<ref>S&P/ID 2022, pp. 142, 145</ref>
*'''[[Synchronized skating]]''' (formerly known as "precision skating") is for mixed-gender groups of between twelve and twenty figure skaters. This discipline resembles a group form of ice dance, with additional emphasis on precise formations of the group as a whole and complex transitions between formations. The basic formations include wheels, blocks, lines, circles, and intersections. The close formations, and the need for the team to stay in unison, add to the difficulty of the footwork performed by the skaters in these elements. Formal proposals were put forward by the [[International Skating Union|ISU]] to include synchronized skating in the 2022 Winter Olympics, but those efforts have been unsuccessful.<ref name=CT140929 /><ref name=NBC180224 />
*'''[[Compulsory figures]]''' or '''school figures''' were formerly a discipline of figure skating, and gave the sport its name. They are the "circular patterns which skaters trace on the ice to demonstrate skill in placing clean turns evenly on round circles".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Special Regulations for Figures |url=https://www.usfigureskating.org/sites/default/files/media-files/Compulsory%20Figures%20Rules.pdf |access-date=March 5, 2023 |publisher=U.S. Figure Skating Association |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232430/https://www.usfigureskating.org/sites/default/files/media-files/Compulsory%20Figures%20Rules.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> For approximately the first 50 years of figure skating as a sport, until 1947, compulsory figures made up 60 percent of the total score at most competitions around the world. These figures continued to dominate the sport, although they steadily declined in importance, until the ISU voted to discontinue them as a part of competitions in 1990.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Loosemore |first=Sandra |date=December 16, 1998 |title='Figures' Don't Add up in Competition Anymore |work=CBS SportsLine |url=http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/dec98/loosemore121698.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727021537/http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/dec98/loosemore121698.htm |archive-date=July 27, 2008}}</ref> Since 2015 with the founding of the World Figure Sport Society and the World Figure & Fancy Skating Championships & Festival on black ice more skaters are training and competing in figures.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radnofsky |first=Louise |title=Who Needs Triple Axels and Toe Loops—Give Us 'Compulsory Figures' |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/who-needs-triple-axels-and-toe-loopsgive-us-compulsory-figures-11576859225 |access-date=2023-02-05 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=December 20, 2019 |language=en-US |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205041036/https://www.wsj.com/articles/who-needs-triple-axels-and-toe-loopsgive-us-compulsory-figures-11576859225 |url-status=live }}</ref> More coaches are learning the new methods developed by World Figure Sport to teach them to skaters, as some skaters and coaches believe that figures give skaters an advantage in developing alignment, core strength, body control, and discipline.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World figure skating enthusiasts take figures online {{!}} News, Sports, Jobs - Lake Placid News |url=https://www.lakeplacidnews.com/sports/local-sports/2020/05/21/world-figure-skating-enthusiasts-take-figures-online/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |language=en-US |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205031629/https://www.lakeplacidnews.com/sports/local-sports/2020/05/21/world-figure-skating-enthusiasts-take-figures-online/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

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File:Camel yuna1.jpg|South Korean singles skater [[Yuna Kim]], 2008

File:Camille RUEST Andrew WOLFE-GPFrance 2018-Pairs FS-IMG 1465.jpeg|Canadian pair skaters [[Camille Ruest]] and [[Andrew Wolfe]], 2018
File:2013 Nebelhorn Trophy Pilar Maekawa Moreno Leonardo Maekawa Moreno IMG 7885.JPG|Mexican ice dancers [[Pilar Maekawa Moreno]] and [[Leonardo Maekawa Moreno]], 2013
File:Haydenettes 2006.jpg|American synchronized skating team [[Haydenettes|The Haydenettes]], 2006
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-K1217-0035, Sonja Morgenstern.jpg|[[Sonja Morgenstern]] from Germany demonstrating compulsory figures, 1971

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