Editing Fibronectin (section)

==Role in cancer==
Several morphological changes has been observed in [[tumors]] and tumor-derived [[cell lines]] that have been attributed to decreased fibronectin [[gene expression|expression]], increased fibronectin [[protein degradation|degradation]], and/or decreased [[gene expression|expression]] of fibronectin-binding [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptors]], such as [[α5β1]] [[integrins]].<ref name="isbn0-387-97050-9">{{cite book | author = Hynes, Richard O. | title = Fibronectins | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | year = 1990 | isbn = 978-0-387-97050-9 }}</ref>

Fibronectin has been implicated in [[carcinoma]] development.<ref name="pmid16397245">{{cite journal | vauthors = Han S, Khuri FR, Roman J | title = Fibronectin stimulates non-small cell lung carcinoma cell growth through activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin/S6 kinase and inactivation of LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase signal pathways | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 315–23 | date = Jan 2006 | pmid = 16397245 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2367 | doi-access = free }}</ref> In [[lung carcinoma]], fibronectin [[gene expression|expression]] is increased especially in [[non-small cell lung carcinoma]]. The [[cell adhesion|adhesion]] of lung carcinoma cells to fibronectin enhances [[carcinogen|tumorigenicity]] and confers [[drug resistance|resistance]] to [[apoptosis]]-inducing [[chemotherapeutic agents]]. Fibronectin has been shown to stimulate the [[gonadal steroids]] that interact with [[vertebrate]] [[androgen receptors]], which are capable of controlling the [[gene expression|expression]] of [[cyclin D]] and related [[genes]] involved in [[cell cycle]] control. These observations suggest that fibronectin may promote lung [[neoplasm|tumor growth]]/survival and resistance to therapy, and it could represent a novel [[biological target|target]] for the development of new [[anticancer drugs]].

Fibronectin 1 acts as a potential [[biomarker]] for [[radioresistance]]<ref name="pmid20930522">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jerhammar F, Ceder R, Garvin S, Grénman R, Grafström RC, Roberg K | title = Fibronectin 1 is a potential biomarker for radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | journal = Cancer Biology & Therapy | volume = 10 | issue = 12 | pages = 1244–1251 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 20930522 | doi = 10.4161/cbt.10.12.13432 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and for pan-cancer prognosis.<ref name="ChiccoAlameerRahmati2022">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chicco D, Alameer A, Rahmati S, Jurman G | title = Towards a potential pan-cancer prognostic signature for gene expression based on probesets and ensemble machine learning | journal = BioData Mining | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 28 | date = November 2022 | pmid = 36329531 | pmc = 9632055 | doi = 10.1186/s13040-022-00312-y | eissn = 1756-0381 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

FN1-FGFR1 fusion is frequent in phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wasserman JK, Purgina B, Lai CK, Gravel D, Mahaffey A, Bell D, Chiosea SI | title = Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor Involving the Head and Neck: A Report of Five Cases with FGFR1 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis | journal = Head and Neck Pathology | date = Jan 2016 | pmid = 26759148 | doi = 10.1007/s12105-015-0678-1 | volume=10 | issue = 3 | pmc=4972751 | pages=279–85}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee JC, Jeng YM, Su SY, Wu CT, Tsai KS, Lee CH, Lin CY, Carter JM, Huang JW, Chen SH, Shih SR, Mariño-Enríquez A, Chen CC, Folpe AL, Chang YL, Liang CW | title = Identification of a novel FN1-FGFR1 genetic fusion as a frequent event in phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour | journal = The Journal of Pathology | volume = 235 | issue = 4 | pages = 539–45 | date = Mar 2015 | pmid = 25319834 | doi = 10.1002/path.4465 | s2cid = 9887919 }}</ref>