Editing Federalism (section)

===Political theory===
Modern federalism is a political system that (nominally) is based upon operating under [[democracy|democratic]] rules and institutions; and where governing powers are shared between a country's national and provincial/state governments. However, the term ''[[federalist]]'' comprises various political practices that differ in important details among the (so-called) federalist nations—some of which are ''democratic in name only'' (e.g., modern [[Russia]])—leaving the terms "federalist", "federalism", "federation", etc., dependent on context. And, because the term ''federalization'' also proclaims distinctive political processes, its use also depends on context.{{sfn|Broschek|2016|p=23–50}}

Typically, political theory today discusses two main types of the federalization process:
* integrative,{{sfn|Gerven|2005|p=35, 392}} ''(or aggregative)'' federalization,{{sfn|Broschek|2016|pp=27–28, 39}}which encompasses several political processes, including: 1) transforming a [[confederation]] into a federation; 2) incorporating non-federated population(s) into an existing federation; or 3) integrating a non-federated population by creating a new or revised federation.
* devolutive,{{sfn|Gerven|2005|p=35, 392}} ''(or dis-aggregative)'' federalization:{{sfn|Broschek|2016|pp=27–28,39–41, 44}} 1) transforming a [[unitary state]] into a federation.