Editing Farnham (section)

==History==
===Prehistory===
====Stone Age====
Farnham's [[history]] extends back hundreds of thousands of years to the [[hunter-gatherer]]s of the [[Paleolithic]] or early [[Stone Age]], on the basis of stone tools such as many [[Handaxes]] found around the town. Most of these were collected by [[antiquarians]] in the later 19th and early 20th Century.<ref>{{cite web |title=News and Reports from Lithics Group |url=https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/News-and-information-for-group/Lithics-Group |website=Surrey Archaeological Society |access-date=18 August 2024}}</ref> Additionally prehistoric animal bones, sometimes found together with the aforementioned flint tools in deep gravel pits such as a [[woolly mammoth]] [[tusk]], excavated in Badshot Lea at the start of the 21st century.<ref name=fpc>[http://www.frensham-pc.gov.uk/history/ Our History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206015232/http://www.frensham-pc.gov.uk/history/ |date=6 February 2012 }} on website of neighbouring Frensham Parish Council</ref> The first known [[Human settlement|settlement]] in the area was in the [[Mesolithic]] period, some 7,000 years ago; a cluster of [[Pit-house|pit dwellings]]<ref name=fpc/> and evidence of a [[flint-knapping]] industry from that period has been excavated a short distance to the east of the town. There was a [[Neolithic]] [[long barrow]] at nearby [[Badshot Lea]], now destroyed by quarrying. This monument lay on the route of the [[prehistoric trackway]] known as the [[Harrow Way]] or Harroway, which passes through Farnham Park, and a [[sarsen]] stone still stands nearby, which is believed to have marked the safe crossing point of a marshy area near the present Shepherd and Flock roundabout.<ref>Saxon Farnham by Elfrida Manning, Phillimore & Co, 1970</ref>

====Bronze Age====
Occupation of the area continued to grow through the [[Bronze Age]]. Two bronze hoards have been discovered on Crooksbury Hill,<ref>[https://archive.today/20120305105505/http://www.bvrunners.org.uk/crooksburyhill.aspx Crooksbury Hill], Farnham</ref> and further artefacts have been found, particularly at sites in Green Lane and near the Bourne spring in Farnham Park. A significant number of Bronze Age [[Tumulus|barrows]] occur in the area, including a triple barrow at [[Elstead]] and an [[Urnfield culture|urnfield]] cemetery at Stoneyfield, near the [[Tilford]] road.

====Iron Age====
[[Hill fort]]s from the early [[Iron Age]] have been identified locally at Botany Hill to the south of the town,<ref name=botanyhill>{{cite web
|url=http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/GetRecord/SHHER_1727
|title=HER 1727 - Earthwork On Botany Hill: Slight Univallate Hillfort
|publisher=Exploring Surrey's past
|access-date=15 February 2012
|archive-date=3 March 2016
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231401/http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/GetRecord/SHHER_1727
|url-status=live
}}</ref> and at [[Caesar's Camp, Rushmoor and Waverley|Caesar's Camp]] to the north.<ref name=ceasarcamp>{{cite web
|url=http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/GetRecord/SHHER_1425
|title=HER 1425 - "Caesar's Camp" multivallate hillfort
|publisher=Exploring Surrey's past
|access-date=15 February 2012
|archive-date=6 January 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106050912/http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/GetRecord/SHHER_1425
|url-status=live
}}</ref> The latter is a very large earthwork on a high promontory, served by a spring which emerges from between two [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] [[boulder]]s called the Jock and Jenny Stones.<ref name=penguin>{{cite book |title=The Penguin guide to prehistoric England and Wales |author=James Dyer |year=1981 |publisher=[[Penguin books]] |isbn= 978-0-71-391164-0 |page=236}}</ref> "Soldier's Ring" earthworks on Crooksbury Hill date from the later Iron Age.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} The final era of the Iron Age, during the 1st century [[Anno Domini|AD]], found Farnham within the territory of the [[Belgae|Belgic]] tribe [[Atrebates]] led by [[Commius]], a former ally of [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]], who had brought his tribe to Britain following a dispute with the Romans. A hut dating from this period was discovered at the Bourne Spring and other occupation material has been discovered at various sites, particularly Green Lane.

===Roman Britain===
During the [[Roman Britain|Roman]] period the district became a pottery centre due to the plentiful supply of [[gault clay]], oak woodlands for fuel, and good communications via the Harrow Way and the nearby Roman road from [[Silchester]] to [[Chichester]]. Kilns dating from about AD 100 have been found throughout the area, including Six Bells (near the Bourne Spring), Snailslynch and Mavins Road, but the main centre of pottery had been [[Alice Holt Forest]], on the edge of the town, since about AD 50, just 7 years after the arrival of the Romans. The Alice Holt potteries continued in use, making mainly domestic wares, until about AD 400. Near the Bourne Spring two Roman buildings were discovered; one was a bath-house dating from about AD 270 and the other a house of later date. The Roman Way housing estate stands on this site. [[William Stukeley]] propounded that Farnham is the site of the lost Roman settlement of [[Vindomis]], although this is now believed to be at [[Neatham]], near [[Alton, Hampshire|Alton]]. Large hoards of Roman coins have been discovered some {{convert|10|mi|km}} south-west of Farnham in [[Woolmer Forest]] and a temple has been excavated at [[Wanborough, Surrey|Wanborough]], about {{convert|8|mi|km}} to the east.

===The Anglo-Saxon period===
In the 7th century, Surrey passed into the hands of [[Caedwalla|King Caedwalla]] of Wessex, who also conquered Kent and Sussex, and founded a monastery at Farnham in 686.<ref>Kirby, ''The Earliest English Kings'', pp. 102–103.</ref>

It was the [[Anglo-Saxons]] who gave the town its name—Farnham and it is listed as ''Fearnhamme'' in the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]''. They arrived in the 6th century and, in AD 688, the [[Wessex|West Saxon]] King [[Caedwalla of Wessex|Caedwalla]] donated the district around Farnham to the Church, and to the [[diocese]] of [[Winchester, Hampshire|Winchester]]. A Saxon community grew up in the valley by the river. By the year 803 Farnham had passed into the ownership of the [[Bishop of Winchester]] and the [[Manorialism|Manor]] of Farnham remained so (apart from two short breaks) for the next thousand years. Although Farnham is documented in Saxon texts and most of the local names are derived from their language, there is only one fully attested Saxon site in Farnham, just off the lower part of Firgrove Hill, where a road called Saxon Croft is now sited. Here several Saxon weaving huts from about AD 550 were discovered in 1924.

In 892 Surrey was the scene of another [[Battle of Farnham|major battle]] when a large Danish army, variously reported at 200, 250 and 350 ship-loads, moved west from its encampment in Kent and raided in Hampshire and Berkshire. Withdrawing with their loot, the Danes were intercepted and defeated at Farnham by an army led by [[Alfred the Great]]'s son, the future [[Edward the Elder]], and fled across the Thames towards Essex.<ref>''Anglo-Saxon Chronicles'', pp. 84–85.</ref>

====The Hundred of Farnham====
A [[hundred (county subdivision)]] was an area that had a general overlord of its lords of the manor, entitled to charge certain rents to certain [[mesne lord|intermediate lords]]. Parishes within Farnham hundred were: [[Frensham]] (including tything Pitfold with [[Churt]]) (partly in the hundred of Alton) [[Elstead]], the [[liberty (division)|liberty]] of Dockenfield, the liberty of [[Waverley, Surrey|Waverley]], [[Seale, Surrey|Seal (now Seale)]] the [[tything]]s of [[Badshot Lea|Badshot]], [[Runfold]], Culverlands, [[Tilford]] with Culverlands, Farnham, Runwick, Wrecklesham (now [[Wrecclesham]]), and Bourne.

In the 14th century, Farnham hundred was owned by the [[Bishop of Winchester]] and was one of the wealthiest on the bishop's rolls.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/plague_countryside_02.shtml |title=Black Death: The Effect of the Plague |publisher=BBC |access-date=27 May 2013 |archive-date=14 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090914054132/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/plague_countryside_02.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

See also, in this context:
*[[Surrey#Medieval Surrey|Medieval Surrey]]
*[[List of hundreds of England|Surrey hundreds]]

===After the Norman invasion===
Farnham appears in [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 in the Hundred of Farnham<ref>{{cite web|title=Open Domesday: Hundred of Farnham|url=https://opendomesday.org/hundred/farnham/|access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref> as ''Ferneham'', one of the five great "[[Minster (church)|minster]]" churches in Surrey. Its Domesday assets were: 40 [[hide (unit)|hide]]s; 1 church, 6 [[Mill (grinding)|mill]]s worth £2 6s 0d, 43 [[plough]]s, {{convert|35|acre|m2}} of [[meadow]], [[woodland]] worth 175½ [[hog (swine)|hog]]s. It rendered £53.<ref>[http://www.gwp.enta.net/surrnames.htm Surrey Domesday Book] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030192829/http://www.gwp.enta.net/surrnames.htm |date=30 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Open Domesday: Farnham, Surrey|url=https://opendomesday.org/place/SU8446/farnham/|access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>

[[Waverley Abbey]], the first [[Cistercian]] [[abbey]] in [[England]], was founded in 1128 by [[William Giffard]], [[Bishop of Winchester]] about {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} south of the town centre. [[John of England|King John]] visited Waverley in 1208, and [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] in 1225. The abbey produced the famous Annals of Waverley, an important reference source for the period. By the end of the 13th century the abbey was becoming less important. By the time it was suppressed by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] in 1536 as part of the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolution of the monasteries]] there were only thirteen monks in the community.
[[File:Farnham Castle 2019 Shell Wall A.jpg|thumb|right|The keep and entrance to [[Farnham Castle]]]]
The town is midway between Winchester and London and, in 1138, [[Henry de Blois]] (grandson of [[William the Conqueror]] and brother of [[Stephen of England|King Stephen]]) started building [[Farnham Castle]] to provide accommodation for the Bishop of Winchester in his frequent journeying between his cathedral and the capital. The castle's garrison provided a market for farms and small industries in the town, accelerating its growth. {{convert|3|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=On}} west of the town is [[Crondall|Barley Pound]], the remains of an 11th-century precursor of Farnham Castle.

Farnham was granted its charter as a town in 1249 by [[William de Ralegh]], then [[Bishop of Winchester]].

The Blind Bishop's Steps, a series of steps leading along Castle Street up to the Castle, were originally constructed for Bishop [[Richard Foxe]] (godfather of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]).

The [[Black Death]] hit Farnham in 1348, killing about 1,300 people, at that time about a third of the population.<ref>Dr Mike Ibeji [https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/plague_countryside_01.shtml Black Death: The Effect of the Plague] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229155430/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/plague_countryside_01.shtml |date=29 December 2019 }}. A BBC article on the rural impact of the Black Death of 1348, substantially discussing Farnham.</ref> In 1625 Farnham was again subject to an outbreak of the plague which, together with a severe decline in the local woollen industry (the local downland wool being unsuitable for the newly fashionable [[worsted]]) led by the 1640s to a serious [[economic depression]] in the area.<ref>Hall D E & Gretton F ''Farnham During the Civil Wars and Interregnum'' 55pp, Farnham Castle Newspapers, c. 1980</ref> Local wool merchants were, like merchants throughout the country, heavily taxed by Charles I to pay for his increasingly unpopular policies.

===The Civil War===
Against this background the [[English Civil War]] began, with Farnham playing a major part. Here, support for the [[Roundheads|Parliamentarians]] was general. The castle was considered a potential rallying point for [[Cavalier|Royalists]], resulting in the installation of a Roundhead [[garrison]] there in 1642. As the King's forces moved southwards, taking [[Oxford]], [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] and [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], the garrison commander at Farnham (a noted poet), Captain [[George Wither]], decided to evacuate the castle; the new [[High Sheriff of Surrey]] ([[John Denham (poet)|John Denham]], a Royalist sympathiser and another noted poet) then occupied the vacant castle with 100 armed supporters. With the castle and much of the surrounding area in Royalist hands, Parliament despatched Colonel Sir [[William Waller]] to Farnham to retake the castle. The defenders refused to surrender but Waller's men used a [[petard]] to destroy the castle gates and overcame them, with only one fatality, and took the High Sheriff prisoner.

The following year, as the Royalists strengthened their position west of Farnham, the garrison at Farnham Castle was strengthened when it became the headquarters of the Farnham regiment of foot or "[[Greencoats]]", with some eight to nine hundred officers and men, supported by a number of troops of horse. Further reinforcement by three regiments from London, 4,000 strong under Waller's command arrived in Farnham that October prior to an unsuccessful [[foray]] to recapture Winchester from the Royalists. Eight thousand Royalists under [[Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton|Ralph Hopton]] (a former friend of Waller) advanced on Farnham from the west and skirmishes took place on the outskirts of town. Despite further reinforcement for Waller from Kent, Hopton's entire army gathered on the heathland just outside Farnham Park. There was some [[skirmisher|skirmish]]ing but Hopton's men withdrew. Through the next few years Farnham was an important centre of Parliamentary operations and the garrison cost Farnham people dearly in terms of local taxes, provisioning and quartering; even the lead from the Town Hall roof had been requisitioned to make bullets. A number of local women were widowed following the pressing of local men into the militia. The [[bombardment]] of [[Basing House]] was by a train of heavy [[cannon]] assembled at Farnham from other areas and, in 1646, most of the garrison was removed from Farnham to form a brigade to besiege [[Donnington Castle]] near [[Newbury, Berkshire|Newbury]]. The King surrendered shortly afterwards at [[Newark-on-Trent|Newark]] and a small garrison remained at Farnham.

In 1647, having escaped from custody at [[Hampton Court]], the King rode through Farnham at dawn on 12 November with a small party of loyal officers, en route to the [[Isle of Wight]], where he sought [[sanctuary]] under the protection of [[Robert Hammond (Governor)|Colonel Robert Hammond]], a Parliamentarian officer but with Royalist sympathies. The following March, [[Oliver Cromwell]] stayed at Farnham for discussions concerning the marriage of his daughter to a [[Hampshire]] gentleman, although some historians have speculated that this was cover for secret negotiations with the King.

Following the [[rebellion]] during the summer of 1648 the keep was partially dismantled at the orders of Cromwell, to make further occupation by garrison indefensible. In late November that year Hammond was summoned to Farnham, where he was arrested and the King was removed under military escort to the mainland. On 20 December the King and his escort entered Farnham, where groups of men, women and children gathered at the roadside to welcome him and touch his hand. That night the King lodged at Culver Hall (now Vernon House) in West Street before the party continued to London for Charles's trial and execution in January 1649. The King gave his night cap to Henry Vernon, owner of Culver Hall, "as a token of Royal favour". Records show that the following period of [[interregnum]] until [[English Restoration|restoration]] of the monarchy in 1660 was a time of prosperity and growth for Farnham. In 1660 the bishops of Winchester were restored to the adjoining Bishops Palace, which remained their residence until 1927. From 1927 until 1955 it was a residence of the bishops of the newly created diocese of [[Guildford]]. The castle is currently owned by [[English Heritage]].

===Post-restoration===
Farnham became a successful market town; the author [[Daniel Defoe]] wrote that Farnham had the greatest corn-market after London,<ref name=defoe>{{cite book
|title=A tour through the whole island of Great Britain |last= Defoe |first= Daniel |author-link= Daniel Defoe |editor-last1= Furbank |editor-first1= P. N. |editor-last2= Owens |editor-first2= W. R. |page=58 |publisher= Yale University Press |date=June 1991 |isbn= 978-0-30-004980-0
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XW-ARX8z1wIC |access-date= 6 November 2016 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122215952/https://books.google.com/books?id=XW-ARX8z1wIC |url-status=live }}</ref> and describes 1,100 fully laden wagons delivering wheat to the town on market day. During the 17th century, other new industries evolved: [[Farnham Pottery|greenware pottery]] (a pottery, dating from 1873, still exists on the outskirts of the town), [[wool]] and [[cloth]], the processing of [[wheat]] into flour, and eventually [[hops]], a key ingredient of [[beer]]. The [[Anglican divine]], [[Augustus Montague Toplady]], composer of the hymn [[Rock of Ages (Christian hymn)|Rock of Ages]] (1763, at Blagston) was born in Farnham in 1740<ref name=rpo>{{cite web
 |url=http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poet/334.html
 |title=Selected Poetry of Augustus Montague Toplady (1740–1778)
 |publisher=Representative Poetry Online
 |author=Ian Lancashire
 |access-date=15 February 2012
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528231532/http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poet/334.html
 |archive-date=28 May 2010
 }}</ref> – a plaque now marks the building on West Street where he was born.

[[File:Farnham Cobbett's birthplace.JPG|250px|thumb|left|[[William Cobbett]]'s birthplace]]
The radical MP, soldier, farmer, journalist and publisher [[William Cobbett]] was born in Farnham in 1763, in a pub called the Jolly Farmer.<ref name=jollyfarmer>{{cite web
|url=http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/themes/people/writers/william_cobbett
|title=William Cobbett
|publisher=Exploring Surrey's past
|access-date=15 February 2012
|archive-date=18 January 2013
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118192948/http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/themes/people/writers/william_cobbett/
|url-status=live
}}</ref> The pub still stands, and has since been renamed the William Cobbett.<ref name=pubnames>{{cite book
|title=Dictionary of Pub Names
|author=David Rothwell
|year=2006
|page=421
|publisher=Wordsworth Editions
|isbn=978-1-84-022266-1
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k-4SrdUPNFoC
|access-date=6 November 2016
|archive-date=22 January 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122215952/https://books.google.com/books?id=k-4SrdUPNFoC
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

The [[London and South Western Railway]] arrived in 1848 and, in 1854, neighbouring [[Aldershot]] became the "Home of the British Army".<ref name=barracks>{{cite web
 |url=http://www3.hants.gov.uk/aldershot-museum/local-history-aldershot/barracks.htm
 |title=Military Barracks in Aldershot
 |publisher=Hampshire County Council
 |date=26 October 2011
 |access-date=16 February 2012
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130162315/http://www3.hants.gov.uk/aldershot-museum/local-history-aldershot/barracks.htm
 |archive-date=30 January 2012
 }}</ref> Both events had a significant effect on Farnham. The fast link with London meant city businessmen could think of having a house in the country and still be in close contact with the office; Farnham thereby became an early example of a 'commuter town'. Also, the railway did not reach Aldershot until 1870; during the intervening period soldiers would be carried by train to [[Farnham railway station|Farnham station]] and then march to Aldershot.<ref name=15cOnward>{{cite web
|url=http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/themes/places/surrey/waverley/farnham/farnham_15002004
|title=Farnham: The Later Historic Period from 1500 to the present
|publisher=Exploring Surrey's past
|author=Farnham Museum
|access-date=16 February 2012}}</ref> Many officers and their families chose to billet in Farnham itself. The railway was electrified by the [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway]] company in 1937 as far as Alton,<ref name=alresford>{{cite web
|url=http://www.alresford.org/displayed/displayed_05_2.php
|title=ALRESFORD'S RAILWAY
|author=John Adams
|year=1981
|publisher=About Alresford
|access-date=16 February 2012
|archive-date=20 November 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120205432/http://www.alresford.org/displayed/displayed_05_2.php
|url-status=live
}}</ref> and a carriage shed for the new electric stock was built in Weydon Lane. This building, which carried fading camouflage paint for many years after World War II, was replaced in 2006.
[[File:St Andrew's Church, West Street, Farnham (May 2015) (1).jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[St Andrew's Church, Farnham|St Andrew's Parish Church]]]]
In 1895 Farnham Urban District Council (FUDC) was formed.<ref name=FUDC>{{cite web
|url=http://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/GetRecord/SHCOL_8119
|title=FARNHAM URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL: ADDITIONAL RECORDS, (1754)-1963
|publisher=Exploring Surrey's past
|access-date=17 February 2012}}</ref> In 1930 the council purchased Farnham Park,<ref name=FarnParkHist>{{Cite web |url=http://www.waverley.gov.uk/site/scripts/download_info.php?downloadID=804&fileID=1597 |title=The history of Farnham Park |publisher= Waverley Borough Council |author= Waverley Borough Council |access-date=17 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423185740/http://www.waverley.gov.uk/site/scripts/download_info.php?downloadID=804&fileID=1597 |archive-date=23 April 2012 }}</ref> a large park occupying much of the former castle grounds. That same year, [[St Joan of Arc's Church, Farnham|St Joan of Arc Church]] was built on Waverley Lane, it was dedicated to [[Joan of Arc|St Joan of Arc]] because [[Farnham Castle]] was a residence of [[Henry Beaufort|Cardinal Henry Beaufort]] who presided over the saint's trial.<ref>[http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-507415-church-of-st-joan-of-arc-farnham-surrey British Listed Buildings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220840/http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-507415-church-of-st-joan-of-arc-farnham-surrey |date=10 June 2015 }} accessed 4 March 2013</ref> The FUDC was abolished in 1973 by the Local Government Act of the previous year.<ref name=FUDC /> Farnham, together with Hindhead, Haslemere, Cranleigh and surrounding areas were absorbed into the new Waverley District Council (latterly Waverley Borough Council) with its headquarters in Godalming. In 1984 Farnham Parish Council became Farnham Town Council, taking on some of the minor roles of the former FUDC from Waverley.<ref name=towncouncilhist>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.farnham.gov.uk/towncouncil/the-council/history-of-the-council.html
 |title=History of the Council
 |publisher=Farnham Town Council
 |access-date=17 February 2012
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829063811/http://www.farnham.gov.uk/towncouncil/the-council/history-of-the-council.html
 |archive-date=29 August 2010 }}</ref>

[[Farnham Maltings]], Bridge Square was once a tannery; the site expanded to become part of the Farnham United Breweries, which included its own maltings. Taken over by a major brewer ([[Courage (brewery)|Courage]]) brewing ceased but malting continued into the 1960s, when Courage planned to sell off the site for redevelopment. The people of Farnham raised enough money to buy the building so that it could be converted into a community centre for the town.<ref name=maltingsHistory>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.farnhammaltings.com/news/about/74/565/7/history.aspx
 |title=history
 |publisher=Farnham Maltings
 |access-date=18 February 2012
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305131833/http://www.farnhammaltings.com/news/about/74/565/7/history.aspx
 |archive-date=5 March 2012
}}</ref> Other buildings in Farnham once linked to the Farnham Maltings include The Oasthouse (now offices) in Mead Lane and The Hop Kiln (now private residences) on Weydon Lane.