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== Motivation == A feature of such activities in the view of some is their alleged capacity to induce an [[adrenaline]] rush in participants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americansportsdata.com/dev/pr-extremeactionsports.asp |date=August 1, 2002 |title='Generation Y' Drives Increasingly Popular... |publisher=AmericanSportsData.com |access-date=2008-07-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517162957/http://www.americansportsdata.com/dev/pr-extremeactionsports.asp |archive-date=2008-05-17 }}</ref> However, the medical view is that the rush or high associated with the activity is not due to adrenaline being released as a response to fear, but due to increased levels of [[dopamine]], [[endorphin]]s and [[serotonin]] because of the high level of physical exertion.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Konkel|first1=Lindsey|title=Extreme Psychology|url=http://scienceline.org/2009/07/health-konkel-extreme-sports-risk-psychology/|website=ScienceLine.org|publisher=New York University|access-date=10 November 2014|date=2009-07-13}}</ref> Furthermore, recent studies suggest that the link to adrenaline and 'true' extreme sports is tentative.<ref>Brymer, Eric and Gray, Tonia, ''Extreme Sports: A Challenge to Phenomenology''. University of Wollongong, Australia, 2004</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Sille|first1=R. A.|last2=Ronkainen|first2=N. J.|last3=Tod|first3=D. A.|date=2019-05-26|title=Experiences leading elite motorcycle road racers to participate at the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy (TT): an existential perspective|journal=Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health|volume=12|issue=3|language=en|pages=431–445|doi=10.1080/2159676X.2019.1618387|s2cid=191902978|issn=2159-676X|url=http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/10810/3/Experiences%20leading%20elite%20motorcycle%20road%20racers%20to%20participate%20at%20the%20Isle%20of%20Man%20Tourist%20Trophy%20%28TT%29%20An%20existential%20perspective%20.pdf}}</ref> Brymer and Gray's study defined 'true' extreme sports as a leisure or recreation activity where the most likely outcome of a mismanaged accident or mistake was death. This definition was designed to separate the marketing hype from the activity.[[File:Wingsuit-01.jpg|thumb|[[Wingsuit flying]] is a recent activity.]]Eric Brymer<ref>Brymer, Eric, ''Extreme Dude: A Phenomenological Perspective on the Extreme sports experience ''. University of Wollongong, Australia, 2005 {{cite web|url=http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060508.145406/index.html |title=Library - University of Wollongong |access-date=2008-04-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721115425/http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060508.145406/index.html |archive-date=2008-07-21 }}</ref> also found that the potential of various extraordinary human experiences, many of which parallel those found in activities such as meditation, was an important part of the extreme sport experience. Those experiences put the participants outside their [[comfort zone]] and are often done in conjunction with [[adventure travel]]. Some of the sports have existed for decades and their proponents span generations, some going on to become well known personalities. Rock climbing and [[ice climbing]] have spawned publicly recognizable names such as [[Edmund Hillary]], [[Chris Bonington]], [[Wolfgang Güllich]] and more recently [[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]]. Another example is surfing, invented centuries ago by the inhabitants of [[Polynesia]], it will become national sport of [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_68_1959/Volume_68%2C_No._4/Surfing_in_ancient_Hawaii%2C_by_Ben_R._Finney%2C_p_327-347/p1 | title=SURFING IN ANCIENT HAWAII | access-date=6 July 2019 | archive-date=7 July 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707052718/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_68_1959/Volume_68,_No._4/Surfing_in_ancient_Hawaii,_by_Ben_R._Finney,_p_327-347/p1 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Disabled people participate in extreme sports. Nonprofit organizations such as Adaptive Action Sports seek to increase awareness of the participation in action sports by members of the disabled community, as well as increase access to the adaptive technologies that make participation possible and to competitions such as The X Games.{{Promotion inline|date=February 2018}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abilitymagazine.com/Adaptive-Sports.html|title=''Ability Magazine: Adaptive Action Sports - Amy Purdy"'' (2010)|access-date=2012-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://abilitymagazine.com/x-games.html|title=''Ability Magazine: X Games - Adaptive Sports"'' (2010)|access-date=2012-04-04}}</ref>
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