Editing Evolutionary linguistics (section)

===From 1976 onwards: Neo-Darwinism===
At the same time when the Chomskyan paradigm of [[biological determinism]] defeated [[humanism]], it was losing its own clout within sociobiology. It was reported likewise in 2015 that [[generative grammar]] was under fire in [[applied linguistics]] and in the process of being replaced with ''[[Usage-based models of language|usage-based linguistics]]'';<ref name=DeBot_2015>{{cite book |last=de Bot |first=Kees |year=2015| title=A History of Applied Linguistics: From 1980 to the Present |publisher=Routledge |isbn= 9781138820654 }}</ref> a derivative of [[Richard Dawkins|Richard Dawkins's]] [[memetics]].<ref name=Boesch&Tomasello_1998>{{cite journal |last1=Boesch |first1=Christoophe |last2=Tomasello|first2=Michael|date=1998 |title=Chimpanzee and human cultures (with a comment from James D. Paterson) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233820547 |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=591–614 |doi=10.1086/204785 |s2cid=55562574 |access-date=2020-03-03}}</ref> It is a concept of linguistic units as [[Replicator (evolution unit)|replicators]]. Following the publication of memetics in Dawkins's 1976 nonfiction bestseller ''[[The Selfish Gene]]'', many biologically inclined linguists, frustrated with the lack of evidence for Chomsky's [[Universal Grammar]], grouped under different brands including a framework called [[Cognitive linguistics#Cognitive Linguistics (linguistics framework)|Cognitive Linguistics]] (with capitalised initials), and 'functional' (adaptational) linguistics (not to be confused with [[Functional theories of grammar|functional linguistics]]) to confront both Chomsky and the humanists.<ref name=Croft_1993 /> The replicator approach is today dominant in evolutionary linguistics, applied linguistics, cognitive linguistics and [[linguistic typology]]; while the generative approach has maintained its position in general linguistics, especially [[syntax]]; and in [[computational linguistics]].