Editing Erwin Schrödinger (section)

===Later years===
In 1938, after the [[Anschluss]], the Nazi takeover of Austria, Schrödinger had problems in Graz because of his flight from Germany in 1933 and his known opposition to [[Nazism]].<ref name="Lakhtakia1996">{{cite book|first=Akhlesh|last=Lakhtakia|title=Models and Modelers of Hydrogen: Thales, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, Sommerfeld, Goudsmit, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Dirac, Sallhofer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6lC6IG7NXmcC&pg=PA147|year=1996|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-02-2302-1|pages=147–}}</ref> He issued a statement recanting this opposition,<ref name="mactutorB" /> which he later regretted, explaining to Einstein: "I wanted to remain free – and could not do so without great duplicity".<ref name=mactutorB>{{cite web |title=Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Schrodinger/ |publisher=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]] |access-date=14 August 2016 |archive-date=4 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104063158/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Printonly/Schrodinger.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, this did not fully appease the new dispensation, and the University of Graz dismissed him from his post for "political unreliability". He suffered harassment and was instructed not to leave the country, but fled to Italy with his wife. From there, he went to visiting positions in [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[Ghent University|Ghent Universities]].<ref name="mactutorB" /><ref name="Lakhtakia1996"/>

[[File:DIAS 1942 photo.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Schrödinger (front row 2nd from right) and De Valera (front row 4th from left) at Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies in 1942]]
In the same year he received a personal invitation from Ireland's [[Taoiseach]], [[Éamon de Valera]] – a mathematician himself – to reside in Ireland, and agreed to help establish an [[Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies|Institute for Advanced Studies in Dublin]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Brian |last=Daugherty |title=Brief Chronology |work=Erwin Schrödinger |url=http://bdaugherty.tripod.com/berlin/schrodinger.html |access-date=10 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309141433/http://bdaugherty.tripod.com/berlin/schrodinger.html |archive-date=9 March 2012}}</ref> He moved to Kincora Road, [[Clontarf, Dublin]], and lived modestly. A plaque has been erected at his Clontarf residence and at the address of his workplace in [[Merrion Square]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-quantum-leap-to-clontarf-1.454580 |title=A quantum leap to Clontarf |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927225530/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-quantum-leap-to-clontarf-1.454580 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=he_UDAAAQBAJ&q=erwin+schr%C3%B6dinger+plaque+dublin&pg=PT13 |title=Treasure Palaces: Great Writers Visit Great Museums |first=Maggie |last=Fergusson |date=10 November 2016 |publisher=Profile |isbn=978-1-78283-278-2 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://openplaques.org/plaques/9190 |title=Erwin Schrödinger blue plaque |website=openplaques.org |access-date=10 June 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610214232/https://openplaques.org/plaques/9190 |url-status=live }}</ref> Schrödinger believed that as an Austrian he had a unique relationship to Ireland. In October 1940, a writer from the ''[[Irish Press]]'' interviewed Schrödinger, who spoke of Celtic heritage of Austrians, saying: "I believe there is a deeper connection between us Austrians and the Celts. Names of places in the Austrian Alps are said to be of Celtic origin."{{sfn|Moore|1992|p=373}} He became the Director of the School for Theoretical Physics in 1940 and remained there for 17 years. He became a naturalized Irish citizen in 1948, but also retained his Austrian citizenship.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clary |first=David C. |title=Foreign Membership of the Royal Society: Schrödinger and Heisenberg? |journal=Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science |year=2022 |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=513–536 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.2021.0082|s2cid=247599443 |doi-access=free }}</ref> He published about fifty further [[Academic publishing#Scholarly paper|papers]] on various topics, including his explorations of [[Classical unified field theories|unified field theory]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erwin Schrödinger - Important Scientists – The Physics of the Universe |url=https://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_schrodinger.html |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=www.physicsoftheuniverse.com |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219112213/https://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_schrodinger.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1943, Schrödinger gave a series of three major lectures at [[Trinity College Dublin]] which remain highly influential at the university. The series began annual conferences in his name,{{clarify|reason=wording implies the conferences already existed and that each began with one of the lectures, as opposed to the lectures being instituted because of the lecture series|date=March 2025}} and buildings at the College were named after him.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://universitytimes.ie/2018/02/fifty-years-after-a-famous-talk-schrodinger-is-still-teaching-trinity-lessons|title=Seventy-Five Years After a Famous Talk, Schrodinger is Still Teaching Trinity Lessons|first1=Dillon|last1=Hennessy|year=2018|publisher=University Times|location=Dublin}}</ref>

In 1944, he wrote ''[[What Is Life?]]'', which contains a discussion of [[negentropy]] and the concept of a complex [[molecule]] with the genetic code for living [[organism]]s. According to [[James D. Watson]]'s memoir, ''DNA, the Secret of Life'', Schrödinger's book gave Watson the inspiration to research the [[gene]], which led to the discovery of the [[DNA]] [[double helix]] structure in 1953. Similarly, [[Francis Crick]], in his autobiographical book ''What Mad Pursuit'', described how he was influenced by Schrödinger's speculations about how genetic information might be stored in molecules.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crick |first=Francis |title=What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery |publisher=Basic Books |year=1988 |isbn=0-465-09137-7 |location=New York}}</ref>

Schrödinger stayed in Dublin until retiring in 1955.

A manuscript "Fragment from an unpublished dialogue of [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]]"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130418015552/http://www.kingshospital.ie/thekingshospital/Files/Schroedinger%20Bluecoat.pdf "Fragment from an unpublished dialogue of Galileo"] manuscript</ref> from this time resurfaced at [[The King's Hospital]] boarding school, Dublin<ref>Ahlstrom, Dick (18 April 2012) [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2012/0418/1224314875355.html 'Quantum humour' beams back after absence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418061601/https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2012/0418/1224314875355.html |date=18 April 2012 }}. ''The Irish Times''</ref> after it was written for the School's 1955 edition of their Blue Coat to celebrate his leaving Dublin to take up his appointment as Chair of Physics at the University of Vienna.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ahlstrom|first=Dick|title='Quantum humour' beams back after absence|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/quantum-humour-beams-back-after-absence-1.503342|access-date=2021-12-17|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en|archive-date=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116191431/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/quantum-humour-beams-back-after-absence-1.503342|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1956, he returned to Vienna (chair ''ad personam''). At an important lecture during the World Energy Conference he refused to speak on nuclear energy because of his scepticism about it and gave a philosophical lecture instead. During this period, Schrödinger turned from mainstream quantum mechanics' definition of [[wave–particle duality]] and promoted the [[wave–particle duality#Wave-only view|wave idea alone]], causing much controversy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/biographies/bio_schrodinger-erwin.html|title=Nuclear Files: Library: Biographies: Erwin Schrödinger|access-date=14 September 2021|archive-date=19 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219131850/http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/biographies/bio_schrodinger-erwin.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Schrödinger, Are There Quantum Jumps, 1952. http://www.ub.edu/hcub/hfq/sites/default/files/Quantum_Jumps_I.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411004001/http://www.ub.edu/hcub/hfq/sites/default/files/Quantum_Jumps_I.pdf |date=11 April 2021 }}</ref>