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===20th and 21st centuries=== [[File:Erie, Pennsylvania 1922.jpg|thumb|State and 9th streets in downtown Erie in the early 1920s]] On August 3, 1915, the [[Mill Creek (Lake Erie)|Mill Creek]] flooded downtown Erie. A culvert, or a tunnel, was blocked by debris and collapsed.<ref name="flood">{{cite web |title=Erie's Blackest Day & Other Accounts of Phenomenal Weather |date=October 2008 |publisher=Erie County Historical Society |url=http://www.eriecountyhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/eriesblackestday3.pdf |access-date=August 29, 2010 |page=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724184032/http://www.eriecountyhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/eriesblackestday3.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2011}}</ref> A four-block reservoir, caused by torrential downpours, had formed behind it. The resulting deluge destroyed 225 houses and killed 36 people.<ref name="flood"/> After the flood, Mayor Miles Brown Kitts had the Mill Creek directed into another, larger culvert, constructed underneath more than {{Convert|2|mi}} of the city, before emptying into [[Presque Isle Bay]] on the city's lower east side. Erie continued to grow for the first half of the 20th century, due to its strong manufacturing base. The city attracted numerous waves of European immigrants for industrial jobs. Erie was considered a wet city during the [[Prohibition Era in the United States]]. The city's economy began to suffer in the latter part of the 20th century as industrial restructuring took place and jobs moved out of the area. The Erie region is considered to be part of the [[Rust Belt]]. The importance of American manufacturing, US steel and coal production, and commercial fishing began to gradually decline,<ref name="mary">{{cite web |publisher=City-data.com |url=http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-Northeast/Erie-History.html |title=Erie Detailed History |access-date=June 22, 2007}}</ref> resulting in a major population downturn in the 1970s.<ref name="mary"/> With the advent of the automobile age after [[World War II]] and government subsidies for highway construction, thousands of residents left Erie for suburbs such as [[Millcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania|Millcreek Township]], which now has 55,000 residents.<ref name="mary"/> This caused a decline in downtown retail businesses, some of which followed to the suburbs. Reflecting this perceived decline, Erie is occasionally referred to by residents as "The Mistake on the Lake" or "Dreary Erie".<ref>{{cite web |date=October 1, 2013 |title=From the Editors |url=http://www.eriereader.com/article/from-the-editors-37 |work=ErieReader.com |publisher=Flagship Multimedia, Inc |access-date=December 17, 2013 |quote=We complain about the weather. Or that there's no culture here. Or that Erie's just plain ugly. The mistake on the lake. Dreary Erie. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219001205/http://www.eriereader.com/article/from-the-editors-37 |archive-date=December 19, 2013}} *{{cite web |author=Miller, Jamie Lynn |date=December 2013 |title=A Cactus Story |url=http://www.saltmagazinenc.com/?page_id=517 |work=SaltMagazine.com |access-date=December 17, 2013 |quote=Originally from Erie, Pennsylvania β Dreary Erie, says Ron, the Mistake on the Lake β his nursing career led him to Kentucky ... |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219022722/http://www.saltmagazinenc.com/?page_id=517 |archive-date=December 19, 2013}} *{{cite web |author=Wheaton, Kristan J. |date=June 21, 2013 |title=Erie's top competitor? The answer may surprise you |url=http://www.iismu.org/news-and-events/eries-top-competitor-answer-may-surprise-you |work=IISMU.org |publisher=Institute for Intelligence Studies At [[Mercyhurst University]] |access-date=December 17, 2013 |quote=No, for us it is 'dreary Erie' or 'the mistake on the lake.' We don't talk, much less brag, about how we've changed and adapted to a difficult and complex world ... |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710180832/http://www.iismu.org/news-and-events/eries-top-competitor-answer-may-surprise-you |archive-date=July 10, 2013}}</ref> Downtown Erie has undergone a resurgence in the early 2020s with the opening of Flagship City Food Hall and Flagship City Public Market.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yourerie.com/news/local-news/watch-flagship-city-food-hall-now-open/|title=Watch: Flagship City Food Hall now open|date=November 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eriereader.com/article/flagship-city-public-market-opens|title=Flagship City Public Market Opens|first=Erie|last=Reader|website=www.eriereader.com}}</ref> Erie won the [[All-America City Award]] in 1972 and was a finalist in 1961, 1994, 1995, and 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Frederick |first=Robb |title=Erie falls in award contest |newspaper=Erie Times-News |date=June 20, 2009 |url=http://www.goerie.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090620/NEWS02/306199871 |access-date=November 22, 2009 |archive-date=June 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630065559/http://www.goerie.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090620/NEWS02/306199871 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Past Winners of the All-America City Award |publisher=[[National Civic League]] |year=2011 |access-date=February 3, 2011 |url=http://www.allamericacityaward.com/past-winners-of-the-all-america-city-award |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717070153/http://www.allamericacityaward.com/past-winners-of-the-all-america-city-award |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 17, 2012}}</ref> In 2012, Erie hosted the Perry 200,<ref name="Perry 200">{{cite news |last1=Speggen |first1=Ben |title=Out of the Mist: The Perry 200 Commemoration Begins |volume=2 |url=http://www.eriereader.com/article/out-of-the-mist-the-perry-200-commemoration-begins |access-date=January 1, 2017 |publisher=Erie Reader |issue=9 |date=May 2, 2012 |ref=84}}</ref> a commemoration celebrating 200 years of peace between Britain, America, and Canada following the [[War of 1812]] and [[Battle of Lake Erie]]. {{Panorama | image = File:Erie PA Panorama c1912 LOC 6a14402u.jpg | height = 150 | caption = [[Panorama]] of downtown Erie in 1912 looking West along the 15th Street tracks; the tallest steeple to the north of the tracks is [[St. Peter Cathedral (Erie, Pennsylvania)|St. Peter Cathedral]]. | alt = }}
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