Editing Erasmus (section)

===Disengagement===
In 1493, his prior arranged for him to leave the Stein house<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest and theologian (1466–1536) |url=https://www.1902encyclopedia.com/E/ERA/desiderius-erasmus.html |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=10th |year=1902 |via=www.1902encyclopedia.com |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213115442/https://www.1902encyclopedia.com/E/ERA/desiderius-erasmus.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and move to Brabant,{{refn|group=note|Also in Cambrai diocese at the time may have been Europe's foremost composer, the priest [[Josquin des Prez]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kostrzewski |first1=Brett Andrew |title=Josquin des Prez and forms of the motet, ca. 1500 |date=2023 |hdl=2144/47081 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2144/47081}}</ref> Erasmus wrote little about music, however he did in 1497 write a notable elergy for the composer [[Johannes Ockeghem]] ''Ergone conticuit, In Johannem Okegi, Musicorum principem, Naenia'', who had been born and ordained in the Cambrai diocese, which was later set to music by Cambrai composer [[Johannes Lupi]].<ref name=miller/>}} to take up the post of Latin Secretary to the ambitious [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai|Bishop of Cambrai]], Henry of Bergen, on account of his great skill in Latin and his reputation as a man of letters.<ref>{{cite book |title=The University in Medieval Life, 1179–1499 |first=Hunt |last=Janin |edition=illustrated |publisher=McFarland |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-7864-5201-9 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhzV368KRDMC}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=uhzV368KRDMC&pg=PA159 Extract of page 159]</ref>{{refn|group=note|This was his entry to the European network of Latin secretaries, who were usually humanists, and so to their career path:  a promising secretary could be appointed tutor to some aristocratic boy, when that boy reached power they were frequent kept on as a trusted counselor, and finally moved over to some dignified administrative role.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=Grace |title=Mirrors for secretaries: the tradition of advice literature and the presence of classical political theory in Italian secretarial treatises |journal=Laboratoire Italien |date=24 October 2019 |issue=23 |doi=10.4000/laboratoireitalien.3742|doi-access=free }}</ref>}}  Following this, he went to Paris to study theology. His status as priest, latinist and student, and his habit of being far away, afforded a measure of disengagement from the Stein canonry.

From 1500, he avoided returning to the canonry at Stein even insisting the diet and hours would kill him,<ref group=note>Erasmus suffered severe food intolerances, including to fish, beer and many wines, which formed much of the diet of Northern European monks, and caused his antipathy to fasts. "My heart is Catholic, but my stomach is Lutheran." (''Epistles'')</ref> though he did stay with other Augustinian communities and at monasteries of other orders in his travels. Rogerus, who became prior at Stein in 1504, and Erasmus corresponded over the years, with Rogerus demanding Erasmus return after his studies were complete. Nevertheless, the library of the canonry<ref group=note>The canonry burnt down in 1549 and the canons moved to Gouda. {{cite journal |last1=Klein |first1=Jan Willem |last2=Simoni |first2=Anna E. C. |title=Once more the manuscripts of Stein monastery and the copyists of the Erasmiana manuscripts |journal=Quaerendo |date=1994 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=39–46 |doi=10.1163/157006994X00117}}</ref>  ended up with by far the largest collection of Erasmus' publications in the Gouda region.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Klein |first1=Jan Willem |title=Copyist B of the Erasmiana Manuscripts in Gouda Identified |journal=Quaerendo |date=21 June 2018 |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=95–105 |doi=10.1163/15700690-12341402|s2cid=165911603 }}</ref>

In 1505, [[Pope Julius II]] granted a [[Dispensation (canon law)|dispensation]]<ref name="EHR 1910">{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=P. S. |title=A Dispensation of Julius II for Erasmus |journal=The English Historical Review |date=1910 |volume=XXV |issue=XCVII |pages=123–125 |doi=10.1093/ehr/XXV.XCVII.123}}</ref> from the vow of poverty to the extent of allowing Erasmus to hold certain benefices, and from the control and [[#Clothing|habit]] of his [[Canon regular#Reforms|order]], though he remained a priest and, formally, an Augustinian canon regular<ref group=note>Dispensed of his vows of [https://www.belmontabbey.org.uk/monastic-vows  stability and obedience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606163431/https://www.belmontabbey.org.uk/monastic-vows |date=6 June 2019 }} from his obligations "by the constitutions and ordinances, also by statutes and customs of the monastery of Stein in Holland", quoted in J. K. Sowards, ''The Two Lost Years of Erasmus: Summary, Review, and Speculation'', Studies in the Renaissance, Vol. 9 (1962), p. 174. Erasmus continued to report occasionally to the prior, who disputed the validity of the 1505 dispensation.</ref> the rest his life.<ref name=demolen1/> In 1517, [[Pope Leo X]] granted legal dispensations for Erasmus' ''defects of natality''<ref group=note>Undispensed illegitimacy had various effects under canon law: if a man's<!--no need for gender neutral language since all women were excluded--> biological parents had never married, he could not be ordained a secular priest, unless he became a canon or regular monk, or to hold [[benefices]]; but any or all of these disabilities could be removed by a papal dispensation. {{cite journal |last1=Clarke |first1=Peter |title=New sources for the history of the religious life: the registers of the Apostolic Penitentiary |journal=Monastic Research Bulletin |date=2005 |volume=11}} This canon law, in effect since the Council of [[Poitiers]] (1078), was intended to prevent kings appointing their illegitimate children as abbots and bishops. In practice, dispensations were frequently given: Erasmus' student, the teenage [[Alexander Stewart (archbishop of St Andrews)|Alexander Stewart]] was the illegitimate child of the Scottish king and, by papal dispensation, Archbishop of St Andrews.</ref> and confirmed the previous dispensation, allowing the 48-(or 51-)year-old his independence<ref name="EHR 1910"/> but still, as a canon, capable of holding office as a prior or abbot.<ref name=demolen1/> Indeed, in 1535, incoming Pope [[Paul III]] appointed him Provost of the "Canons of Deventer" (i.e., the semi-monastic [[Brethren of the Common Life]] chapter, which had long resisted titles such as Provost,<ref name=post>{{cite book |last1=Post |first1=R. R. |title=The Modern Devotion: Confrontation with Reformation and Humanism |date=1 January 1968 |doi=10.1163/9789004477155_019}}</ref> and/or perhaps the canons of the [[Lebuïnuskerk, Deventer|Grote or Lebuïnuskerk]]):<ref name=starnes>{{cite journal |last1=Starnes |first1=D. T. |title=A Heroic Poem on the Death of Sir Thomas More—by D. Erasmus of Rotterdam |journal=Studies in English |date=1929 |issue=9 |pages=69–81 |jstor=20779398 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20779398 |issn=2158-7957}}</ref> this may also have been related to his intended return to the Low Countries. In 1525, Pope [[Clement VII]] granted, for health reasons, a dispensation to eat meat and dairy in Lent and on fast days.<ref name=letter16>{{cite book |last1=Erasmus |first1=Desiderius |title=The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2204–2356 (August 1529 – July 1530) |date=1974 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4426-6833-1 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|410}} 
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