Editing Enterobacteriaceae (section)

==Model organisms and medical relevance==
''[[Escherichia coli]]'' is one of the most important [[model organism]]s, and its [[genetics]] and [[biochemistry]] have been closely studied.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Blount |first1=Zachary D |title=The unexhausted potential of E. coli |journal=eLife |date=25 March 2015 |volume=4 |pages=e05826 |doi=10.7554/eLife.05826 |doi-access=free |pmid=25807083 |pmc=4373459 }}</ref>

Some enterobacteria are important pathogens, e.g. ''Salmonella'', or ''Shigella'' e.g. because they produce [[endotoxin]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Jyoti |last2=Sharma |first2=Shivesh |last3=Nara |first3=Seema |title=Evaluation of gold nanoparticle based lateral flow assays for diagnosis of enterobacteriaceae members in food and water |journal=Food Chemistry |date=1 March 2015 |volume=170 |pages=470–483 |doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.092 }}</ref> Endotoxins reside in the cell wall and are released when the cell dies and the cell wall disintegrates. Some members of the Enterobacteriaceae produce endotoxins that, when released into the bloodstream following cell lysis, cause a systemic inflammatory and vasodilatory response. The most severe form of this is known as endotoxic shock, which can be rapidly fatal.