Editing Encyclopædia Britannica (section)

==== 1827–1901 ====
During the second era (7th–9th editions, 1827–1901), the ''Britannica'' was managed by the Edinburgh publishing firm A & C Black. Although some contributors were again recruited through friendships of the chief editors, notably [[Macvey Napier]], others were attracted by the ''Britannica''{{'s}} reputation. The contributors often came from other countries and included the world's most respected authorities in their fields. A general index of all articles was included for the first time in the 7th edition, a practice maintained until 1974.

Production of the 9th edition was overseen by Thomas Spencer Baynes, the first English-born editor-in-chief. Dubbed the "Scholar's Edition", the 9th edition is the most scholarly of all ''Britannicas''.<ref name="kister_1994" /><ref name="kogan_1958">{{cite book |last=Kogan |first=Herman |url=https://archive.org/details/greatebstoryo00koga_1 |title=The Great EB: The Story of the Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=The [[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1958 |location=Chicago, Illinois |language=en |lccn=58008379 |url-access=registration}}</ref> After 1880, Baynes was assisted by [[William Robertson Smith]].<ref>{{Cite SBDEL|wstitle=Baynes, Thomas Spencer}}</ref> No biographies of living persons were included.<ref>{{Cite EB9|wstitle=Editor's Advertisement|volume=1}}</ref> [[James Clerk Maxwell]] and [[Thomas Huxley]] were special advisors on science.<ref>{{Cite EB9|wstitle=Prefatory Notice}}</ref> However, by the close of the 19th century, the 9th edition was outdated, and the ''Britannica'' faced financial difficulties.