Editing Emergency service (section)

==Cooperation==
[[File:May 14, 2014 – Casper, WY (14364932287).jpg|thumb|[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] staff coordinate with local agencies in 2014 environmental disaster simulation]]
Effective emergency service management requires agencies from many different services to work closely together and to have open lines of communication.  Most services do, or should, have procedures and liaisons in place to ensure this, although absence of these can be severely detrimental to good working.  There can sometimes be tension between services for a number of other reasons, including professional versus voluntary crew members, or simply based on area or division. To aid effective communications, different services may share common practices and protocol for certain large-scale emergencies. In the UK, commonly used shared protocols include [[CHALET]] and [[ETHANE]] while in the US, the [[Department of Homeland Security]] has called for nationwide implementation of the [[National Incident Management System]] (NIMS),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/AboutNIMS.shtm |title=Federal Emergency Management System: About NIMS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925083514/http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/AboutNIMS.shtm |archive-date=2011-09-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> of which the [[Incident Command System]] (ICS) is a part.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/IncidentCommandSystem.shtm |title=Federal Emergency Management System: Incident Command System |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923180917/http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/IncidentCommandSystem.shtm |archive-date=2011-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Disaster response technologies ===

Smart Emergency Response System (SERS)<ref>{{cite web |title=Smart Emergency Response System |url=http://smartamerica.org/teams/smart-emergency-response-system-sers/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826160658/http://smartamerica.org/teams/smart-emergency-response-system-sers/ |archive-date=2014-08-26 }}</ref> prototype was built in the SmartAmerica Challenge 2013–2014,<ref>{{cite web |title=SmartAmerica Challenge |url=http://smartamerica.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822030515/http://smartamerica.org/ |archive-date=2014-08-22 }}</ref> a United States government initiative. SERS was created by a team of nine organizations. The project was featured at the White House in June 2014 and called an exemplary achievement by Todd Park (U.S. Chief Technology Officer).

The SmartAmerica initiative challenges the participants to build cyber-physical systems as a glimpse of the future to save lives, create jobs, foster businesses, and improve the economy. SERS primarily saves lives. The system provides the survivors and the emergency personnel with information to locate and assist each other during a disaster. SERS allows organization to submit help requests to a MATLAB-based mission center connecting first responders, apps, search-and-rescue dogs, a 6-feet-tall humanoid, robots, drones, and autonomous aircraft and ground vehicles. The command and control center optimizes the available resources to serve every incoming requests and generates an action plan for the mission. The Wi-Fi network is created on the fly by the drones equipped with antennas. In addition, the autonomous rotorcrafts, planes, and ground vehicles are simulated with Simulink and visualized in a 3D environment ([[Google Earth]]) to unlock the ability to observe the operations on a mass scale.<ref>{{cite web |title=Smart Emergency Response System |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oofHMaEWwP8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412002104/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oofHMaEWwP8 |archive-date=2023-04-12 }}</ref>