Editing Emerald (section)

=== Clarity ===
[[File:Emerald in a quartz and pegmatite matrix.JPG|thumb|Brazilian emerald (grass-green variety of the mineral beryl) in a quartz-pegmatite matrix with typical hexagonal, prismatic crystals.<ref>Bonewitz, R. (2005). ''Rock and gem''. New York: DK Pub. pp. 292–293. {{ISBN|0756633427}}.</ref>]]
Emeralds tend to have numerous inclusions and surface-breaking [[Cleavage (crystal)|fissures]]. Unlike diamonds, where the [[loupe]] standard (i.e., 10× magnification) is used to grade clarity, emeralds are graded by eye. Thus, if an emerald has no visible [[inclusion (mineral)|inclusions]] to the eye (assuming normal visual acuity) it is considered flawless. Stones that lack surface breaking fissures are extremely rare and therefore almost all emeralds are treated ("oiled", see below) to enhance the apparent clarity. The inclusions and fissures within an emerald are sometimes described as ''jardin'' (French for ''garden''), because of their mossy appearance.<ref>[http://www.gia.edu/emerald-quality-factor Emerald Quality Factors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223032811/http://www.gia.edu/emerald-quality-factor |date=23 February 2014 }}. Gemological Institute of America.</ref> Imperfections are unique for each emerald and can be used to identify a particular stone. Eye-clean stones of a vivid primary green hue (as described above), with no more than 15% of any secondary hue or combination (either blue or yellow) of a medium-dark tone, command the highest prices.<ref name=Wise /> The relative non-uniformity motivates the cutting of emeralds in [[cabochon]] form, rather than faceted shapes. Faceted emeralds are most commonly given an oval cut, or the signature emerald cut, a rectangular cut with facets around the top edge.