Editing Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (section)

== Career ==
[[File:Elizabeth Garrett Anderson before the Faculty of Medicine, Paris.jpg|thumb|Elizabeth Garrett Anderson before the Faculty of Medicine, Paris]]
Though she was now a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries, as a woman, Garrett could not hold a medical post in any hospital. So in late 1865, Garrett opened her own practice at 20 Upper [[Berkeley Street]], London.<ref>Manton, pp. 167–169</ref> At first patients were scarce, but the practice gradually grew. After six months in practice, she wished to open an [[Outpatient clinic (hospital department)|outpatients]] [[dispensary]], to enable poor women to obtain medical help from a qualified practitioner of their own gender. [[1863–75 cholera pandemic|In 1865, there was an outbreak of cholera]] in Britain, affecting both rich and poor, and in their panic, some people forgot any prejudices they had in relation to a female physician. The first death due to cholera occurred in 1866, but by then Garrett had already opened St Mary's Dispensary for Women and Children, at 69 [[Seymour Place]].<ref>Manton, p. 173</ref> In the first year, she tended to 3,000 new patients, who made 9,300 outpatient visits to the dispensary.<ref>Manton, p. 175</ref> On hearing that the Dean of the faculty of medicine at the [[University of Sorbonne]], Paris was in favour of admitting women as medical students, Garrett studied French so that she could apply for a medical degree, which she obtained in 1870 after some difficulty.<ref name=Ogilvie /><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/mid/sites/brecon_life/pages/franceshoggan.shtml Pioneering Physician], BBC, Last updated: 2 January 2008</ref>

[[File:Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, M.D.jpg|thumb|Caricature of Garrett Anderson published in 1872]]
The same year she was elected to the first [[London School Board]], an office newly opened to women; Garrett's was the highest vote among all the candidates. Also in that year, she was made a visiting physician of the East London Hospital for Children (later the [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children]]), becoming the first woman in Britain to be appointed to a medical post,<ref>Manton, pp. 193–195</ref> but she found the duties of these two positions to be incompatible with her principal work in her private practice and the dispensary, as well as her role as a new mother, so she resigned from these posts by 1873.<ref>Manton, p. 235</ref> In 1872, the dispensary became the [[Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital|New Hospital for Women and Children]],<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett|volume=1|page=959}}</ref> treating women from all over London for [[gynaecological]] conditions; the hospital moved to new premises in Marylebone Street in 1874. Around this time, Garrett also entered into discussion with male medical views regarding women. In 1874, [[Henry Maudsley]]'s article on Sex and Mind in Education appeared, which argued that education for women caused over-exertion and thus reduced their reproductive capacity, sometimes causing "nervous and even mental disorders".<ref>Manton, p. 236</ref> Garrett's counter-argument was that the real danger for women was not education but boredom and that fresh air and exercise were preferable to sitting by the fire with a novel.<ref>Manton, p. 237</ref> In the same year, she co-founded the [[London School of Medicine for Women]] with [[Sophia Jex-Blake]] and became a lecturer in what was then the only teaching hospital in Britain to offer courses for women.<ref>Manton, pp. 241–243</ref> She continued to work there for the rest of her career and was dean of the school from 1883 to 1902. This school was later called the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine,<ref name="oxforddnb.com" /> and became part of the medical school of [[University College London]].

=== BMA membership ===
[[File:Elizabeth Garrett Anderson.jpg|thumb|Garrett Anderson circa 1889]]
[[File:Lady mayoress.jpg|thumb|Garrett Anderson as mayor of [[Aldeburgh]], November 1908]]
In 1873, Garrett gained membership of the [[British Medical Association]] (BMA). In 1878, a motion was proposed to exclude women following the election of Garrett Anderson and [[Frances Hoggan]]. The motion was opposed by Dr [[Norman Kerr]] who maintained the equal rights of members.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=rtl_ttda&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm&docId=CS118405897&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0|title=British Medical Association|date=9 August 1878|work = [[The Times]]|page=7}}</ref> This was "one of several instances where Garrett, uniquely, was able to enter a hitherto all male medical institution which subsequently moved formally to exclude any women who might seek to follow her."<ref name="oxforddnb.com">{{cite ODNB | id = 30406 | title = Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett (1836–1917), physician | author = Elston, M. A. | year = 2005}}</ref> In 1892, women were again admitted to the British Medical Association following a long campaign by Anderson and others. She, along with Dr Sarah Gray and Dr [[Eliza Walker Dunbar]] attended the BMA meeting at Nottingham that year, lobbying successfully for the readmission of women to the association.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gray |first=Sarah |date=November 1926 |title=Women and the British Medical Association |url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ap32b2xm/items?canvas=434 |journal=The Medical Women's Federation Newsletter |pages=45–46 |via=Wellcome Collection}}</ref> In 1897, Garrett Anderson was elected president of the East Anglian branch of the BMA.<ref>Manton, pp. 235–236</ref>

[[File:EGA Hospital 2018.jpg|thumb|right|The Hospital for Women, now occupied by Unison, in 2018]]
Garrett Anderson worked steadily at the development of the New Hospital for Women and Children and in 1874 co-founded and served as dean<ref name="Ogilvie" /> of the London School of Medicine for Women (LSMW). Both institutions were handsomely and suitably housed and equipped. The New Hospital for Women commissioned a building in the [[Euston Road]]; the architect was [[J. M. Brydon]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goold |first1=David |title=Dictionary of Scottish Architects – DSA Architect Biography Report (July 11, 2018, 12:41 pm) |url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=200523 |website=scottisharchitects.org.uk |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711185517/http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=200523 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who took into his employment Anderson's sister [[Agnes Garrett]] and her cousin [[Rhoda Garrett]], who contributed to its design.<ref>{{cite web |title=EGA for Women – The Elizabeth Garret Anderson Gallery |url=http://www.egaforwomen.org.uk/gallery.html |website=egaforwomen.org.uk |access-date=11 July 2018}}</ref> For many years, the hospital was staffed entirely by medical women. The schools (in Hunter Street, WC1) had over 200 students, most of them preparing for the medical degree of [[London University]], which was opened to women in 1877.<ref name="EB1911"/>