Editing Eldridge Cleaver (section)

===Split and new directions===
Eldridge Cleaver and Huey Newton eventually had a disagreement over the necessity of armed struggle as a response to [[COINTELPRO]] and other actions by the government against the Black Panthers and other radical groups, which led to Cleaver's eventual expulsion from the BPP. Also Cleaver's interest in North Korea and global anti-imperialist struggle drew ire from other BPP members who felt that he was neglecting the needs of African-Americans at home in the U.S. Following his expulsion from the Black Panthers in 1971, the group's ties with North Korea were quickly forgotten.<ref name=Churchill>{{cite book |title=The COINTELPRO Papers |first1=Jim |last1=Vanderwall |first2=Ward |last2=Churchill |orig-year=1990 |date=2002 |publisher=South End Press |isbn=0-89608-648-8}}</ref>

Cleaver advocated the escalation of armed resistance into [[urban warfare|urban]] [[guerrilla warfare]], while Newton suggested the best way to respond was to put down the gun, which he felt alienated the Panthers from the rest of the black community, and focus on more pragmatic reformist activity by lobbying for increased social programs to aid African-American communities and anti-discrimination laws. Cleaver accused Newton of being an [[Uncle Tom]] for choosing to cooperate with white interests rather than overthrow them.<ref name= Katsiaficas>{{cite book |title=Liberation, Imagination, and the Black Panther Party |first1=George |last1=Katsiaficas |first2=Kathleen |last2=Cleaver |date=2001 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-92784-6}}</ref><ref name=Horowitz>{{cite book |title= Destructive Generation: Second Thoughts about the 60's |last=David Horowitz |first=Peter Collier |date=1989 |publisher=Free Press |isbn=978-0-684-82641-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Newton |first=Huey |author-link=Huey Newton|title=To Die for the People |date=2009 |publisher=City Lights |location=San Francisco, California |pages=44–53}}</ref>

Cleaver left Algeria in 1972, moving to Paris, [[France]], becoming a [[born again Christian]] during time in isolation living underground.<ref name=Gates2004/><ref>Jeff Bailey, [http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryid=2743 "Leroy Eldridge Cleaver (1935–1998)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530220731/http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryid=2743 |date=May 30, 2013 }}, ''The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture''.</ref> He turned his hand to fashion design; three years later, he released codpiece-revival "virility pants" that he called "the Cleavers", enthusing that they would give men "a chance to assert their masculinity".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |date=August 28, 1975 |title=Eldridge Cleaver Designs Paris Virility Trousers |page=55 |publisher=Johnson Publishing}}</ref>
Cleaver returned to the United States in 1975<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/individuals/eldridge-cleaver|title = Eldridge Cleaver (August 31, 1935 - May 1, 1998)|date = August 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eldridge-Cleaver|title = Eldridge Cleaver &#124; Biography, Books, & Facts| date=August 25, 2023 }}</ref> to face the unresolved attempted murder charge.<ref name="Rosenzweig" />

By September 1978, out on bail as the proceedings dragged on, he had incorporated Eldridge Cleaver Ltd, running a factory and West Hollywood shop exploiting his "Cleavers", which he claimed liberated men from "penis binding". He saw no conflict between this and his newfound Christianity, drawing support for his overtly sexual design from [[Deuteronomy 22]].<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |date=September 21, 1978 |title=Eldridge Cleaver Designs Pants 'for Men Only' |page=22 |publisher=Johnson Publishing}}</ref> The long-outstanding charge was subsequently resolved on a plea bargain reducing it to assault. A sentence of 1,200 hours' community service was imposed.<ref name="NYTobit" />