Editing Edwin Lutyens (section)

=== Works ===
{{Main|List of works by Edwin Lutyens}}
[[File:Lutyens houses and gardens (1921) (14783718963).jpg|thumb|Ground floor plan of [[Orchards, Surrey|Orchards]] ]]

The bulk of Lutyens's early work consisted of private houses in an [[Arts and Crafts]] style, strongly influenced by [[Tudor architecture]] and the [[vernacular architecture|vernacular]] styles of south-east England. This was the most innovative phase of his career. Important works of this period include Munstead Wood,{{sfn|Gradidge|1981|pp=27–31}} [[Tigbourne Court]], [[Orchards, Surrey|Orchards]] and [[Goddards]] in [[Surrey]], [[Deanery Garden]] and [[Folly Farm, Sulhamstead|Folly Farm]] in Berkshire, [[Overstrand Hall]] in [[Norfolk]] and Le [[Bois des Moutiers]] in France.

After about 1900 this style gave way to a more conventional [[Classicism]], a change of direction which had a profound influence on wider British architectural practice. His commissions were of a varied nature from private houses to two churches for the new [[Hampstead Garden Suburb]] in London to [[Julius Drewe]]'s [[Castle Drogo]] near [[Drewsteignton]] in Devon and on to his contributions to [[Lutyens' Delhi|India's new imperial capital]], New Delhi (where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others). Here he added elements of local architectural styles to his classicism, and based his urbanisation scheme on [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] water gardens. He also designed the [[Hyderabad House]] for the last [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], as his Delhi palace and planned the layout for the [[Janpath]] and [[Rajpath]] roads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Debiparna |date=1 January 2017|title=10 Interesting Facts about Sir Edwin Lutyens, the Architect Who Designed Most of New Delhi |url=https://www.vagabomb.com/10-Interesting-Facts-about-Sir-Edwin-Lutyens-the-Architect-Who-Designed-Most-of-New-Delhi/ |access-date=11 November 2022|website=vagabomb.com}}</ref>

[[File:Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[The Cenotaph]], [[Whitehall]], London]]

Before the end of [[World War I]], he was appointed one of three principal architects for the Imperial War Graves Commission (now [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]]) and was involved with the creation of [[World War I memorials|many monuments to commemorate the dead]]. Larger cemeteries have a [[Stone of Remembrance]], designed by him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009128|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810091629/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009128|url-status=dead|title=Canadian Encyclopedia Monuments, World Wars I and II|archive-date=10 August 2011}}</ref> The best known of these monuments are [[The Cenotaph]] in [[Whitehall]], [[Westminster]], and the [[Memorial to the Missing of the Somme]], [[Thiepval]]. The Cenotaph was originally commissioned by [[David Lloyd George]] as a temporary structure to be the centrepiece of the Allied Victory Parade in 1919. Lloyd George proposed a [[catafalque]], a low empty platform, but it was Lutyens's idea for the taller monument. The design took less than six hours to complete. Lutyens also designed many other war memorials, and others are based on or inspired by Lutyens's designs. Examples of Lutyens's other war memorials include the [[National War Memorial, Islandbridge|War Memorial Gardens]] in Dublin, the [[Tower Hill memorial]], the [[Manchester Cenotaph]] and the [[Arch of Remembrance]] memorial in Leicester.
[[File:Cenotaph sketch by Lutyens.jpg|thumb|Lutyens's design for [[The Cenotaph]]]]

Lutyens also refurbished [[Lindisfarne Castle]] for its wealthy owner.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=118–119}}

One of Lutyens's smaller works, but considered one of his masterpieces, is [[The Salutation]], a house in Sandwich, Kent, England. Built in 1911–1912 with a {{convert|3.7|acre|adj=on}} garden, it was commissioned by [[Henry Farrer]], one of three sons of Sir [[William Farrer]].{{sfn|Newman|2013|p=539}}

Lutyens heavily influenced [[Sigurd Frosterus]] when he designed [[Vanajanlinna Manor]] in [[Finland]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oksala |first=Sari |last2=Happonen |first2=Riikka |date=24 January 2024 |title=Wilhelm Rosenlewin yltiöpäinen optimismi loi röyhkeän monumentin – Näin Vanajanlinnaa kommentoi nyt hänen sukulaispoikansa |url=https://www.hameenlinnankaupunkiuutiset.fi/paikalliset/6504785 |access-date=5 October 2024 |website=Hämeenlinnan Kaupunkiuutiset |language=fi}}</ref> 

[[File:100 King Street Manchester.jpg|thumb|upright|Lutyens's [[100 King Street|Midland Bank Building]] in Manchester, constructed in 1935|left]]
He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1918<ref name="gazette1">{{London Gazette|issue=30607|page=4026
|date=2 April 1918}}</ref> and elected a [[Royal Academician]] in March 1920.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/edwin-lutyens-pra |title=Sir Edwin Lutyens {{!}} Artist {{!}} Royal Academy of Arts|website=royalacademy.org.uk |access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref> In 1924, he was appointed a member of the newly created [[Royal Fine Art Commission]], a position he held until his death.<ref name="gazette3">{{London Gazette|issue=32942|page=4429|date=3 June 1924}}</ref>

While work continued in New Delhi, Lutyens received other commissions including several commercial buildings in London and the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom in Washington, D.C.]].

In 1924 he completed the supervision of the construction of what is perhaps his most popular design: [[Queen Mary's Dolls' House]]. This four-storey [[Palladian]] villa was built in 1/12 scale and is now a permanent exhibit in the public area of [[Windsor Castle]]. It was not conceived or built as a plaything for children; its goal was to exhibit the finest British craftsmanship of the period.

Lutyens was commissioned in 1929 to design a new [[Roman Catholic]] cathedral in [[Liverpool]]. He planned a vast building of brick and granite, topped with towers and a {{Convert|510|ft|m|abbr=|adj=on}} dome, with commissioned sculpture work by [[Charles Sargeant Jagger]] and [[W. C. H. King]]. Work on this building started in 1933, but was halted during [[World War II]]. After the war, the project ended due to a shortage of funding, with only the crypt completed. A model of Lutyens's unrealised building was given to and restored by the [[Walker Art Gallery]] in 1975 and is now on display in the [[Museum of Liverpool]].<ref name=apollo>[http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/conservation/departments/models/lutyens/ Conserving the Lutyens cathedral model, Liverpool museums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202152343/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/conservation/departments/models/lutyens/ |date=2 February 2012 }}. Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved on 29 July 2013.</ref> The architect of the present [[Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral]], which was built over part of the crypt and consecrated in 1967, was Sir [[Frederick Gibberd]].

In 1945, a year after his death, ''A Plan for the City & County of [[Kingston upon Hull]]'' was published. Lutyens worked on the plan with Sir [[Patrick Abercrombie]] and they are credited as its co-authors. Abercrombie's introduction in the plan makes special reference to Lutyens's contribution. The plan was, however, rejected by [[Hull City Council]]. He was also involved in the Royal Academy's planning for post-war London, an endeavour dismissed by [[Osbert Lancaster]] as "... not unlike what the new [[Nuremberg]] might have been had [[the Führer]] enjoyed the inestimable advantage of the advice and guidance of the late Sir [[Aston Webb]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/the-rise-and-fall-and-rise-of-edwin-lutyens/10029787.article|title=The rise and fall and rise of Edwin Lutyens|first1=Gavin|last1=Stamp|website=Architectural Review|date=19 November 1981}}</ref>