Editing Edward Sabine (section)

== Sabine’s Scientific Career ==

Sabine was a renowned scientist known for his work on Earth's magnetism, magnetic instruments, and polar exploration.<ref name=":0" /> In 1818, he joined the North-West Passage expedition with John Ross as an astronomer and scientific officer. He made significant observations, including measurements of tides, currents, and magnetic properties. Despite a dispute with Ross over credit, Sabine contributed a report on biological findings, including a new bird species, ''Larus sabini''.

In 1819, Sabine returned to the Arctic with William Parry, conducting a magnetic survey on their expedition to Melville Island.<ref name=":0" /> His work earned him the Copley Medal in 1821, and Parry named a peninsula after him. Sabine’s ongoing research in magnetism led him to become a central figure in the "magnetic crusade," a global effort to study Earth's magnetic field. In 1821, he also embarked on a scientific voyage to the South Atlantic and Caribbean, later conducting studies in Greenland, where Sabine Island was named in his honor.

Sabine received support for his magnetic research from Sir John Barrow, secretary of the Admiralty, and the Royal Society.<ref name=":0" /> From 1830 to 1837, stationed in Ireland, Sabine worked with Professor Humphrey Lloyd on a magnetic survey of Ireland, later extended to Scotland and England. Many of the instruments used were developed by Lloyd and Sabine and built by Howard Grubb & Son in Dublin. He also served as the secretary of the Royal Society from 1827 to 1829.

In 1839, Sabine played a key role in securing support for an Antarctic expedition led by James Clark Ross aboard HMS ''Erebus'', with Capt. Francis Crozier commanding HMS ''Terror''.<ref name=":0" />The expedition set up geomagnetic observatories in the Southern Hemisphere, providing valuable data on terrestrial magnetism. Sabine was skilled at managing large datasets, employing clerks at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. Despite criticism for his tight control over the project, he identified periodic magnetic phenomena.

Sabine also had a professional dispute with G. B. Airy at the Royal Observatory, during which he successfully advocated for Kew to become the central hub for magnetic observatories.<ref name=":0" /> His leadership, interpersonal skills, and ability to secure funding helped him build a broad international network.

He held various leadership roles at the Royal Society, including Foreign Secretary in 1845, Treasurer in 1850, and President from 1861 to 1871.<ref name=":0" /> Promoted to General in 1870, Sabine received numerous prestigious awards, including a DCL from Oxford, an LLD from Cambridge, and the KCB (Knight Commander of the Bath), along with several foreign honors.