Editing Edward R. Murrow (section)

==World War II==
[[File:Edward R. Murrow - Weymouth House 84-94 Hallam Street Fitzrovia W1W 5HF.jpg|thumb|Murrow lived in a flat on Hallam Street, near [[Great Portland Street]], in London during the War]]
Murrow's reports, especially during the Blitz, began with what became his signature opening, "''This'' is London," delivered with his vocal emphasis on the word ''this'', followed by the hint of a pause before the rest of the phrase. His former speech teacher, [[Ida Lou Anderson]], suggested the opening as a more concise alternative to the one he had inherited from his predecessor at CBS Europe, [[César Saerchinger]]: "Hello, America. This is London calling." Murrow's phrase became synonymous with the newscaster and his network.<ref name="link">{{cite web| title=Edward R. Murrow graduates from Washington State College on June 2, 1930| url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=7526| author=Kit Oldham| date=October 26, 2005| publisher=HistoryLink.org| access-date=August 11, 2012}}</ref>

Murrow achieved celebrity status as a result of his war reports. They led to his second famous catchphrase, at the end of 1940, with every night's German bombing raid, Londoners who might not necessarily see each other the next morning often closed their conversations with "good night, and good luck." The future British monarch, [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]], said as much to the Western world in a live radio address at the end of the year, when she said "good night, and good luck to you all". So, at the end of one 1940 broadcast, Murrow ended his segment with "Good night, and good luck." Speech teacher Anderson insisted he stick with it, and another Murrow catchphrase was born.

When Murrow returned to the U.S. in 1941, CBS hosted a dinner in his honor on December 2 at the [[Waldorf Astoria New York|Waldorf-Astoria Hotel]]. 1,100 guests attended the dinner, which the network broadcast. [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] sent a welcome-back telegram, which was read at the dinner, and [[Librarian of Congress]] [[Archibald MacLeish]] gave an [[encomium]] that commented on the power and intimacy of Murrow's wartime dispatches.<ref name="sperber1998">{{cite book | title=Murrow, His Life and Times | publisher=Fordham University Press | author=Sperber, A. M. | year=1998 | isbn=0-8232-1881-3}}</ref>{{rp|203–204}} "You burned the city of London in our houses and we felt the flames that burned it," MacLeish said. "You laid the dead of London at our doors and we knew that the dead were our dead, were mankind's dead. You have destroyed the superstition that what is done beyond 3,000 miles of water is not really done at all."<ref>{{cite web|title=This — is London1|url= https://www.theattic.space/home-page-blogs/2018/10/19/this-is-london |website=The Attic|date= October 5, 2018 |access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref>

The Japanese [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] occurred less than a week after this speech, and the U.S. entered the war as a combatant on the Allied side. Murrow flew on 25 Allied combat missions in Europe during the war,<ref name="sperber1998" />{{rp|233}} providing additional reports from the planes as they droned on over Europe (recorded for delayed broadcast). Murrow's skill at improvising vivid descriptions of what was going on around or below him, derived in part from his college training in speech, aided the effectiveness of his radio broadcasts.

As hostilities expanded, Murrow expanded CBS News in London into what [[Harrison Salisbury]] described as "the finest news staff anybody had ever put together in Europe".<ref name="sperber1998"/>{{rp|230}} The result was a group of reporters acclaimed for their intellect and descriptive power, including Eric Sevareid, [[Charles Collingwood (journalist)|Charles Collingwood]], [[Howard K. Smith]], [[Mary Marvin Breckinridge]], [[Cecil Brown (journalist)|Cecil Brown]], [[Richard C. Hottelet]], [[Bill Downs]], [[Winston Burdett]], [[Charles Shaw (journalist)|Charles Shaw]], [[Ned Calmer]], and [[Larry LeSueur]]. Many of them, Shirer included, were later dubbed "[[Murrow Boys|Murrow's Boys]]"—despite Breckinridge being a woman. In 1944, Murrow sought [[Walter Cronkite]] to take over for Bill Downs at the CBS Moscow bureau. Cronkite initially accepted, but after receiving a better offer from his then-current employer, [[United Press International|United Press]], he turned down the offer.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Persico|first1=Joseph|title=Edward R. Murrow: An American Original|url=https://archive.org/details/edwardrmurrowame00pers|url-access=registration|date=November 1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=0070494800|pages=[https://archive.org/details/edwardrmurrowame00pers/page/314 314–315]}}</ref>

Murrow so closely cooperated with the British that in 1943 [[Winston Churchill]] offered to make him joint [[Director-General of the BBC]] in charge of programming. Although he declined the job, during the war Murrow did fall in love with Churchill's daughter-in-law, [[Pamela Harriman|Pamela]],<ref name="sperber1998"/>{{rp|221–223,244}}<ref>{{cite book | title=Selling War: The British Propaganda Campaign against American "Neutrality" in World War II | url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_u8p5 | url-access=registration | author=Cull, Nicholas John | year=1995 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_u8p5/page/192 192] | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-508566-3}}</ref> whose other American lovers included [[W. Averell Harriman|Averell Harriman]], whom she married many years later. Pamela wanted Murrow to marry her, and he considered it; however, after his wife gave birth to their only child, Casey, he ended the affair.

After the war, Murrow recruited journalists such as [[Alexander Kendrick]], [[David Schoenbrun]], [[Daniel Schorr]]<ref>{{cite news| last = Hershey| first = Robert D. Jr.| title = Daniel Schorr, Journalist, Dies at 93| work = The New York Times| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/24/business/media/24schorr.html| access-date = July 23, 2010| date=July 23, 2010}}</ref> and [[Robert Pierpoint (journalist)|Robert Pierpoint]] into the circle of the Boys as a virtual "second generation", though the track record of the original wartime crew set it apart.

On April 12, 1945, Murrow and [[Bill Shadel]] were the first reporters at the [[Buchenwald]] concentration camp in Germany. He met emaciated survivors including [[Petr Zenkl]], children with [[Identification in Nazi camps#Numbers|identification tattoos]], and "bodies stacked up like cordwood" in the crematorium. In his report three days later, Murrow said:<ref name="sperber1998"/>{{rp|248–252}}

{{blockquote|I pray you to believe what I have said about Buchenwald. I have reported what I saw and heard, but only part of it. For most of it I ''have'' no words.... If I've offended you by this rather mild account of Buchenwald, I'm not in the least sorry.|Extract from Murrow's Buchenwald report.<ref>{{cite web|title=Buchenwald: Report from Edward R. Murrow|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/report-from-edward-r-murrow-on-buchenwald|website=Jewish Virtual Library|access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref> April 15, 1945.}}