Editing Edmonton (section)

== Geography ==
[[File:2008-06-19 North Saskatchewan River 3.jpg|thumb|The [[North Saskatchewan River]] is a [[glacier]]-fed river that bisects the city.|alt=]]

Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River, at an elevation of {{convert|671|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="edmontoncanencyclo"/> It is North America's northernmost city with a population over one million. It is south of Alberta's geographic centre, which is near the Hamlet of [[Fort Assiniboine, Alberta|Fort Assiniboine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woodlands.ab.ca/UserFiles/small%20map2(1).pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706164022/http://www.woodlands.ab.ca/UserFiles/small%20map2%281%29.pdf |archive-date=July 6, 2011 |title=Recreation and Tourism Map |publisher=[[Woodlands County]] |date=January 4, 2010 |access-date=January 1, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The terrain in and around Edmonton is generally flat to gently rolling, with ravines and deep river valleys, such as the North Saskatchewan River valley.<ref name="Edmonton River Valley">{{cite web |url=http://www.edmontonrivervalley.com/history.html |author=Jim Willet |title=Edmonton River Valley |publisher=Edmonton River Valley |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608164939/http://www.edmontonrivervalley.com/history.html |archive-date=June 8, 2009 }}</ref> The [[Canadian Rockies]] are west of Edmonton and about {{convert|220|km|abbr=on}} to the southwest.

The North Saskatchewan River originates at the [[Columbia Icefield]] in [[Jasper National Park]] and bisects the city. It sometimes floods Edmonton's river valley, most notably in the [[North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915]]. It empties via the [[Saskatchewan River]], [[Lake Winnipeg]], and the [[Nelson River]] into [[Hudson Bay]].<ref name="North Saskatchewan">{{cite web |url=http://www.chrs.ca/Rivers/NorthSask/NorthSask-F_e.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414210615/http://www.chrs.ca/Rivers/NorthSask/NorthSask-F_e.php |archive-date=April 14, 2012 |author=The Canadian Heritage Rivers System |title=North Saskatchewan |access-date=March 6, 2009}}</ref> It runs from the southwest to the northeast and is fed by numerous creeks throughout the city, including [[Mill Creek Ravine|Mill Creek]], [[Whitemud Creek]] and [[Blackmud Creek]]; these creeks have created ravines, some of which are used for [[urban park]]land.<ref name="Industry on the river">{{Cite news |url=http://www.rewedmonton.ca/content_view_rew?CONTENT_ID=1785 |author=Herzog, Lawrence|title=Industry on the river |publisher=Real Estate Weekly |access-date=March 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211958/http://www.rewedmonton.ca/content_view_rew?CONTENT_ID=1785 |archive-date=September 8, 2013}}</ref> Edmonton is within the Canadian [[Prairies Ecozone]].<ref name="EcologicalP">{{cite web|title=Prairies Ecozone |url=http://www.ecozones.ca/english/zone/Prairies/land.html |website=Ecological Framework of Canada |access-date=May 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529213149/http://ecozones.ca/english/zone/Prairies/land.html |archive-date=May 29, 2016 }}</ref>

[[Aspen parkland]] surrounds the city and is a transitional area from the prairies to the south and [[boreal forest]] in the north.<ref name="WWF">{{cite web|title=Canadian Aspen forests and parklands |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0802 |website=WEF |publisher=World Wildlife Foundation |access-date=May 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603040651/http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0802 |archive-date=June 3, 2016 }}</ref> The aspen woods and forests in and around Edmonton have long since been reduced by farming and residential and commercial developments including oil and [[natural gas]] exploration.<ref name="Project of Gold Copper Mine Exploration Near Edmonton Delay">{{cite web |url=http://paguntaka.org/2008/08/30/project-of-gold-copper-mine-exploration-near-edmonton-delay/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007031135/http://paguntaka.org/2008/08/30/project-of-gold-copper-mine-exploration-near-edmonton-delay/ |archive-date=October 7, 2008 |author=Mining Exploration News |title=Project of Gold Copper Mine Exploration Near Edmonton Delay |access-date=March 6, 2009}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
{{Main|Climate of Edmonton}}
[[File:Winter season in Canada - Edmonton, November 2013 (11508911505).jpg|thumb|Winters in Edmonton are typically cold and dry.]]

Edmonton has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb'', [[Trewartha climate classification]] ''Dcbc'') with typically cold, dry winters and warm, sunny summers, prone to extremes and large swings at all times of the year. It falls into the [[Natural Resources Canada|NRC]] 4a [[Hardiness zone|Plant Hardiness Zone]].<ref name="Canadian Plant Hardiness Zones">{{cite web|title=Plant Hardiness Zone by Municipality |url=http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=22&lang=en&prov=Alberta&val=E |website=Natural Resources Canada |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=March 26, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313212349/http://planthardiness.gc.ca/?lang=en&m=22&prov=alberta&val=e |archive-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref>

Summer in Edmonton lasts from June until early September, while winter lasts from November until March and in common with all of Alberta<ref>See {{cite book |last=Szeto |first=Kit K. |date=2008 |chapter=Variability of Cold-Season Temperatures in the Mackenzie Basin |editor-last=Woo |editor-first=M. |title=Cold Region Atmospheric and Hydrologic Studies. The Mackenzie GEWEX Experience |pages=61–82 |publisher=Springer Berlin |location=Heidelberg |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-73936-4_4|isbn=978-3-540-73935-7 }}</ref> varies greatly in length and severity. Spring and autumn are both short and highly variable. Edmonton's [[growing season]] on average lasts from May 9 to September 22;<ref name="ECCA" /><ref>{{cite web|date=September 20, 2010|title=Frost Chart for Canada|url=http://www.almanac.com/content/frost-chart-canada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022064911/http://www.almanac.com/content/frost-chart-canada|archive-date=October 22, 2010|access-date=September 20, 2010|publisher=The Old Farmer's Almanac}}</ref> having an average 135–140 frost-free days each year,<ref name="ECCA" /><ref name="Growing Season">{{Cite book|last=Walls|first=Martha|title=Edmonton Book of Everything|publisher=Maclntyre Purcell Publishing Inc.|year=2007|isbn=978-0-9738063-4-2|page=62}}</ref> resulting in one of the longest growing seasons on the [[Canadian Prairies]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canada Hardiness Zones Frost Dates {{!}} Veseys|url=https://www.veseys.com/ca/canada-hardiness-zones-frost-dates|access-date=January 5, 2022|website=www.veseys.com}}</ref> At the [[summer solstice]], Edmonton receives 17 hours and three minutes of daylight, with an hour and 46 minutes of [[civil twilight]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Advanced options and sun angles|date=August 7, 2012|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/sunrise/advanced.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121233211/http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/sunrise/advanced.html|archive-date=January 21, 2013|access-date=March 18, 2013|publisher=[[National Research Council Canada]]}}</ref> and on average receives 2,344 hours of bright sunshine<ref>{{cite web|date=March 14, 2012|title=Sunniest Year Round|url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=40&submit=Submit|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415153955/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=40&submit=Submit|archive-date=April 15, 2012|access-date=June 2, 2016}}</ref> per year, making it one of Canada's sunniest cities.<ref name="ECCA" />

The city is known for having cold winters, though its weather is milder than [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]], [[Saskatoon]] or [[Winnipeg]],<ref name="coldestcities">{{cite web | url=https://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/coldest-cities-winter.php | title=Coldest Canadian Cities in Winter | author=Liz Osborn | publisher=Current Results Publishing Ltd. | access-date=October 8, 2009 | quote=The cities included in these rankings are Canada's largest metropolitan areas. These are the 33 urban regions that had over 100,000 people according to the 2011 census by Statistics Canada. The temperature data are averages of weather measurements made from 1981 to 2010. |url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805050544/http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/coldest-cities-winter.php | archive-date=August 5, 2009 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> all of which are on a more southerly latitude than Edmonton. Its average daily temperatures range from a low of {{convert|-10.3|C}} in January to a summer peak of {{convert|18.1|C}} in July,<ref name="ECCA" /> with average maximum of {{convert|23.5|C}} in July and minimum of {{convert|-14.7|C}} in January.<ref name="ECCA" /> Temperatures can exceed {{convert|30|C}} for an average of four to five afternoons anytime from late April to mid-September and fall below {{convert|-20|C}} for an average of 24.6 days in the winter. The highest temperature recorded in Edmonton was {{convert|37.2|C}} on June 29, 1937<ref>{{cite web |work=Climate Data Almanac |title=Climate Data for June 1937 for Edmonton |publisher=Environment Canada |date=February 17, 2016 |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1880-07-01%7C1943-06-30&mlyRange=1880-01-01%7C1943-12-01&StationID=1863&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=6&Day=14&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&Year=1937 |access-date=February 17, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202025644/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1880-07-01%7C1943-06-30&mlyRange=1880-01-01%7C1943-12-01&StationID=1863&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=6&Day=14&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&Year=1937 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 }}</ref> and on July 2, 2013, a record high [[humidex]] of 44 was recorded due to an unusually humid day with a temperature of {{convert|33.9|C}} and a record high [[dew point]] of {{convert|23|C}}.<ref name="Humidex43">{{cite web |title=Hourly Data Report for July 02, 2013 |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/hourly_data_e.html?timeframe=1&hlyRange=1999-06-23%7C2019-05-08&dlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2019-05-08&mlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2007-11-01&StationID=27214&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2019&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmon&Year=2013&Month=7&Day=2# |website=Environment and Climate Change Canada |date = October 31, 2011|publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=May 9, 2019 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510022748/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/hourly_data_e.html?timeframe=1&Year=2013&Month=7&Day=2&hlyRange=1999-06-23%7C2019-05-08&dlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2019-05-08&mlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2007-11-01&StationID=27214&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2019&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmon |archive-date=May 10, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="hotdayedm">{{cite news|last1=Classen |first1=Josh |title=Hot, humid and stormy – July 2, 2013 |url=http://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/edmonton-area-weather/hot-humid-and-stormy-july-2-2013-1.1349972 |access-date=January 30, 2016 |publisher=CTV News Edmonton |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204084501/http://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/edmonton-area-weather/hot-humid-and-stormy-july-2-2013-1.1349972 |archive-date=February 4, 2016 }}</ref> The lowest temperature ever recorded in Edmonton was {{convert|-49.4|C}} on January 19 and 21, 1886.<ref name="January 1886">{{cite web |work= Climate Data Almanac |title= January 1886 |publisher= Environment Canada |date= September 22, 2015 |url= http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1880-07-01%7C1943-06-30&mlyRange=1880-01-01%7C1943-12-01&StationID=1863&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&Year=1886&Month=1# |access-date= May 14, 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160610070514/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1880-07-01%7C1943-06-30&mlyRange=1880-01-01%7C1943-12-01&StationID=1863&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&Year=1886&Month=1 |archive-date= June 10, 2016 |df= mdy-all }}</ref>

Edmonton has a fairly dry climate, receiving {{convert|422.5|mm|2|abbr=on}} of precipitation per year, of which {{convert|329.3|mm|2|abbr=on}} is rain and {{convert|93.2|mm|2|abbr=on}} is the melt from {{convert|123.9|cm|1|abbr=on}} from snowfall.<ref name="ECCA" /> Over 75% of the average annual precipitation falls in the late spring, summer, and early autumn, with the wettest month being July, having a mean precipitation of {{convert|93.8|mm|abbr=on|2}},<ref name="ECCA" /> and the driest months being February, March, October, November and December.<ref name="ECCA" /> Significant snowfall accumulation typically begins in late October and tapers off by late March. Dry spells are not uncommon and may occur at any time of the year. Extremes do occur, such as the {{convert|114|mm|abbr=on|2}} of rainfall that fell on July 31, 1953.<ref name="ECCA" /> Much of the precipitation that Edmonton receives in the summer comes from late-day thunderstorms,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edmonton climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time|url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/canada/edmonton|access-date=January 2, 2021|website=www.climatestotravel.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Thunderstorm {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thunderstorm|access-date=April 1, 2021|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca}}</ref> which are frequent and occasionally severe enough to produce large hail, damaging winds, funnel clouds, and tornadoes.

The summer of 2006 was particularly warm for Edmonton, as temperatures reached {{convert|29|C}} or higher more than 20 times from mid-May to early September. Later, the summer of 2021 saw the temperature rise above {{convert|29|C}} on 23 days between June and August, while nearly breaking the record high temperature on June 30 with a temperature of {{convert|37.0|C}}.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Canada|first=Environment and Climate Change|date=October 31, 2011|title=Daily Data Report for June 2021 – Climate – Environment and Climate Change Canada|url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=1999-06-23%7C2022-01-03&dlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2022-01-03&mlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2007-11-01&StationID=27214&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=2021&EndYear=2022&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&time=LST&Day=1&Year=2021&Month=6#|access-date=January 5, 2022|website=climate.weather.gc.ca|language=en}}</ref> The winter of 2011–12 was particularly warm: from December 22 through March 20 there were 53 occasions when Edmonton saw temperatures at or above {{convert|0.0|C}} at the City Centre Airport, and even warmer in the city proper.<ref name="Daily Data Report for December 2011">{{cite web |title=Daily Data Report for December 2011 |url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=12&Day=29&Year=2011&timeframe=2 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=September 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511020417/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=12&Day=29&Year=2011&timeframe=2 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Daily Data Report for January 2012">{{cite web |title=Daily Data Report for January 2012 |url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=1&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=September 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511012406/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=1&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Daily Data Report for February 2012">{{cite web |title=Daily Data Report for February 2012 |url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=2&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=September 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511042656/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=2&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Daily Data Report for March 2012">{{cite web |title=Daily Data Report for March 2012 |url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=3&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=September 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511030212/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=3&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}</ref>

A massive cluster of thunderstorms swept through Edmonton on July 11, 2004, with large hail and over {{convert|100|mm|abbr=on}} of rain reported within an hour in many places.<ref name="Edmonton 2004 Storm">{{cite web|title=The Edmonton Hailstorm of 2004|url=http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/science/arma/cmos_2005/Brimelow_Julian_CMOS_2005.pdf|publisher=University of Alberta, Meteorological Service of Canada|access-date=April 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716102508/http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/science/arma/cmos_2005/Brimelow_Julian_CMOS_2005.pdf|archive-date=July 16, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> This "1-in-200 year event" flooded major intersections and underpasses and damaged both residential and commercial properties. The storm caused extensive damage to West Edmonton Mall; a small glass section of the roof collapsed under the weight of the rainwater, causing water to drain onto the mall's indoor ice rink. As a result, the mall was evacuated as a precautionary measure.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/adjusters-assess-storm-damage-to-west-edmonton-mall-1.468426 |author=CBC |title=Adjusters assess storm damage to West Edmonton Mall |access-date=February 27, 2009 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=July 12, 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309115400/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/07/12/edmonton_storm_new040712.html |archive-date=March 9, 2007}}</ref>

Twelve tornadoes had been recorded in Edmonton between 1890 and 1989,<ref name="Chapter 8">{{cite web|title=Atlas of the Edmonton Tornado and Hailstorm, 1987|url=https://sites.google.com/a/ualberta.ca/tornado/home/chapt8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927103657/https://sites.google.com/a/ualberta.ca/tornado/home/chapt8|archive-date=September 27, 2016|access-date=June 7, 2016|publisher=University of Alberta}}</ref> and eight since 1990.<ref name="CNRD 1980-2009">{{cite web|title=Canadian National Tornado Database: Verified Events (1980–2009) – Public|url=http://donnees.ec.gc.ca/data/weather/products/canadian-national-tornado-database-verified-events-1980-2009-public/?lang=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221013647/http://donnees.ec.gc.ca/data/weather/products/canadian-national-tornado-database-verified-events-1980-2009-public/?lang=en|archive-date=December 21, 2016|access-date=August 6, 2016|website=Environment Canada Data}}</ref> An [[Edmonton tornado|F4 tornado]] that struck Edmonton on July 31, 1987, killing 27, was unusual in many respects, including severity, duration, damage, and casualties.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Thirty years after deadly Edmonton tornado, storms remain difficult to track|language=en|work=CBC News|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-tornado-black-friday-30th-anniversary-environment-canada-storm-tracking-1.4226615|url-status=live|access-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307060411/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-tornado-black-friday-30th-anniversary-environment-canada-storm-tracking-1.4226615|archive-date=March 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Graney|first=Juris|date=July 29, 2016|title=All We Have Learned: 29 Years After Black Friday, Alberta's Worst Tornado Disaster|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/all-we-have-learned-29-years-after-black-friday-albertas-worst-tornado-disaster|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201082212/http://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/all-we-have-learned-29-years-after-black-friday-albertas-worst-tornado-disaster|archive-date=February 1, 2018|access-date=January 30, 2018|website=Edmonton Journal}}</ref> It is commonly referred to as ''Black Friday'' due both to its aberrant characteristics and the emotional shock it generated.<ref name="EdmontonTornado">{{cite news|date=May 23, 2013|title=1987 Edmonton tornado|work=CBC Digital Archives|publisher=CBC|url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/deadly-skies-canadas-most-destructive-tornadoes/1987-edmonton-tornado.html|url-status=live|access-date=July 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007110545/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/deadly-skies-canadas-most-destructive-tornadoes/1987-edmonton-tornado.html|archive-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref> Then-mayor [[Laurence Decore]] cited the community's response to the tornado as evidence that Edmonton was a "city of champions," which later became an unofficial slogan of the city.<ref name="nicknames" /><ref name="Champions">{{cite news|author=Elizabeth Withey|date=July 31, 2007|title=Wanted: new slogan for Edmonton|newspaper=Edmonton Journal|publisher=[[Postmedia Network]]}}</ref>

{{Edmonton City Centre weatherbox}}
{{Edmonton International weatherbox}}

=== Metropolitan area ===
{{Main|Edmonton Metropolitan Region}}
[[File:Edmonton Skyline July 2020.jpg|thumb|Downtown Edmonton is the centre of the [[Edmonton Metropolitan Region]].]]

Edmonton is at the centre of Canada's sixth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA),<ref name="2011censusCMAs">{{cite web|title=Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=205&S=3&RPP=100|date=February 20, 2019|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> which includes Edmonton and 34 other municipalities in the surrounding area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page_Hierarchy-Hierarchie.cfm?Lang=E&Tab=4&Geo1=CMA&Code1=835&Geo2=PR&Code2=48&Data=Count&SearchText=edmonton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |title=Census Profile, Geographic hierarchy: Edmonton (Census metropolitan area) |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=July 16, 2012 |access-date=November 24, 2012 }}</ref> Larger urban communities include [[Sherwood Park]] (an [[urban service area]] within [[Strathcona County]]), the cities of [[St. Albert, Alberta|St. Albert]], [[Beaumont, Alberta|Beaumont]], [[Leduc, Alberta|Leduc]], [[Spruce Grove]] and [[Fort Saskatchewan]], and the towns of [[Stony Plain, Alberta|Stony Plain]], [[Morinville]], and [[Devon, Alberta|Devon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/toolkit/module2-abouttheref.pdf |title=About the Regional Evaluation Framework (REF) |publisher=[[Capital Region Board]] |access-date=November 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325201721/http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/toolkit/module2-abouttheref.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2013 }}</ref> Major employment areas outside Edmonton but within the CMA include the [[Nisku, Alberta|Nisku Industrial Business Park]] and the [[Edmonton International Airport]] (including a planned [[inland port]] logistics support facility in support of the [[Port Alberta]] initiative)<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.portalberta.com/transportation-services/ | title=Infrastructure | publisher=Port Alberta | access-date=May 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715110619/http://www.portalberta.com/transportation-services |archive-date=July 15, 2011}}</ref> in Leduc County, the [[Acheson Industrial Park|Acheson Industrial Area]] in [[Parkland County]], [[Refinery Row (Edmonton)|Refinery Row]] in Strathcona County and [[Alberta's Industrial Heartland]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/reports/crlanduseplan031209.pdf |title=Capital Region Land Use Plan |publisher=Capital Region Board |date=March 12, 2009 |access-date=November 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325201658/http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/reports/crlanduseplan031209.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2013 }}</ref> within portions of Fort Saskatchewan, Strathcona County and [[Sturgeon County]].<ref name=AIH>{{cite web | url=http://www.industrialheartland.com/images/stories/maps/asp%20-%20zoning.pdf | title=Alberta's Industrial Heartland: Eco Industrial Master Plan | publisher=Alberta's Industrial Heartland Association | date=November 1, 2007 | access-date=November 24, 2012 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alberta's Industrial Heartland also extends beyond the CMA's northeastern boundary<ref name=CRBGeoProfile>{{cite web |url=http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/toolkit/factsheet-geographicprofile.pdf |title=Geographic Profile |publisher=Capital Region Board |access-date=November 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325201710/http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/toolkit/factsheet-geographicprofile.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2013 }}</ref> into [[Lamont County]].<ref name=AIH/>

The individual economic development interests and costs of service delivery in certain municipalities within the region have led to intermunicipal competition, strained intermunicipal relationships and overall fragmentation of the region. Although several attempts have been made by the City of Edmonton to absorb surrounding municipalities<ref name="Edmonton Annexation Attempt">{{cite journal|last1=Plunkett|first1=T.J.|last2=Lightbody|first2=James|title=Tribunals, Politics, and the Public Interest: The Edmonton Annexation Case|jstor=3550157|publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=1982|pages=207–221|volume=8|issue=2|journal=Canadian Public Policy|doi=10.2307/3550157}}</ref> or annex portions of its neighbours,<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=Leduc Representative | title=Edmonton shelves airport annexation talks | publisher=[[Sun Media]]| date=July 14, 2005 }}</ref> the city has not absorbed another municipality since the Town of Jasper Place joined Edmonton on August 17, 1964,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/pdf_search/pdf/CITY/0098/Edmonton_Gaz_BO_1234_1964_No42.pdf |author=Province of Alberta |title=Board Order No. 1234 |date=April 30, 1964 |access-date=February 11, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035426/http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/pdf_search/pdf/CITY/0098/Edmonton_Gaz_BO_1234_1964_No42.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2011 }}</ref> and the city has not annexed land from any of its neighbours since January 1, 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/pdf_search/pdf/CITY/0098/Edmonton_OC_538_81_1982_No6.pdf |author=Province of Alberta |title=Order in Council (O.C.) No. 538/81 |date=June 11, 1981 |access-date=February 11, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035451/http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/pdf_search/pdf/CITY/0098/Edmonton_OC_538_81_1982_No6.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2011 }}</ref> After years of mounting pressure in the early 21st century, the Province of Alberta formed the [[Capital Region Board]] (CRB) on April 15, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/orders/orders_in_council/2008/408/2008_127.html |author=Province of Alberta |title=Order in Council (O.C.) No. 127/2008 |date=April 15, 2008 |access-date=February 11, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716180406/http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/orders/orders_in_council/2008/408/2008_127.html |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> The CRB consists of 24 [[Edmonton Metropolitan Region#Member municipalities|member municipalities]] – 22 of which are within the [[Edmonton Metropolitan Region#Edmonton CMA|Edmonton CMA]] and two of which are outside the CMA. The City of Edmonton announced in March 2013 its intent to annex 156 square kilometres of land (including the Edmonton International Airport) from Leduc County.<ref name=EJ130305>{{cite web|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/business/Edmonton+wants+annex+hectares+Leduc+County+including/8052733/story.html |title=Edmonton wants to annex 15,600 hectares of Leduc County, including airport |author=Stolte, Elise |newspaper=[[Edmonton Journal]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]] |date=March 5, 2013 |access-date=March 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308104418/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/business/Edmonton%2Bwants%2Bannex%2Bhectares%2BLeduc%2BCounty%2Bincluding/8052733/story.html |archive-date=March 8, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On November 30, 2016, the City of Edmonton and Leduc County came to an agreement on Edmonton's annexation proposal. The City of Edmonton was poised to annex {{convert|12100|ha|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}} of land from Leduc County and Beaumont, including the Edmonton International Airport, as a result.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.edmonton.ca/projects_plans/annexation/proposed-annexation-lands-south-edmonton.aspx |title=Proposed Leduc County Annexation :: City of Edmonton |publisher=Edmonton.ca |date=December 6, 2016 |access-date=April 14, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201211044/https://www.edmonton.ca/projects_plans/annexation/proposed-annexation-lands-south-edmonton.aspx |archive-date=December 1, 2016 }}</ref>

On January 1, 2019, the City of Edmonton officially annexed {{convert|8260|ha|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}} from Leduc County and the City of Beaumont, increasing the city's area to {{convert|767.85|km2|abbr=on}}, with discussions of annexing an additional {{convert|2830|ha|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}} of Edmonton International Airport land still ongoing.<ref name="City of Edmonton" />

===Neighbourhoods===
{{See also|List of neighbourhoods in Edmonton}}
[[File:Victoria Promenade.jpg|thumb|Victoria Promenade in the residential neighbourhood of [[Oliver, Edmonton|Oliver]]. The neighbourhood borders downtown Edmonton.]]

Edmonton is divided into 375 neighbourhoods<ref name=nbhds>{{cite web|url=https://data.edmonton.ca/City-Administration/Neighbourhoods-data-plus-kml-file-/65fr-66s6 |title=Neighbourhoods (data plus kml file) |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=September 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512114415/https://data.edmonton.ca/City-Administration/Neighbourhoods-data-plus-kml-file-/65fr-66s6 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 }}</ref> within seven geographic sectors – a mature area sector, which includes neighbourhoods that were essentially built out before 1970,<ref name=MDP>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/MDP_Bylaw_15100.pdf |title=The Way We Grow: Municipal Development Plan Bylaw 15100 |publisher=City of Edmonton |date=June 23, 2010 |access-date=July 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313233109/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/MDP_Bylaw_15100.pdf |archive-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> and six surrounding suburban sectors.<ref name=sectors>{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/PDF/Developing_and_Planned_Neighbourhoods_2011_-_Final_Report.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904040707/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/PDF/Developing_and_Planned_Neighbourhoods_2011_-_Final_Report.pdf | archive-date=September 4, 2013 | title=Edmonton Developing and Planned Neighbourhoods, 2011 | publisher=City of Edmonton | access-date=September 10, 2012}}</ref>

Edmonton's [[Downtown, Edmonton|Downtown]] is within the city's mature area or inner city.<ref name=sectors/> It and the surrounding [[Boyle Street, Edmonton|Boyle Street]], [[Central McDougall, Edmonton|Central McDougall]], [[Cloverdale, Edmonton|Cloverdale]], [[Garneau, Edmonton|Garneau]], [[McCauley, Edmonton|McCauley]], [[Oliver, Edmonton|Oliver]], [[Queen Mary Park, Edmonton|Queen Mary Park]], [[Riverdale, Edmonton|Riverdale]], Rossdale, [[Strathcona, Edmonton|Strathcona]] and University of Alberta form Edmonton's Central Core.<ref name=MDP/> Oliver and Garneau are the city's [[List of neighbourhoods in Edmonton#List|most populated and most densely populated]] neighbourhoods respectively. The mature area sector also contains the five former [[List of communities in Alberta#Urban municipalities|urban municipalities]] annexed by the city over its history: Beverly, Jasper Place, North Edmonton, Strathcona and West Edmonton (Calder).<ref name=AnnexationMap/><ref name=sectors/>

Larger residential areas within Edmonton's six suburban sectors,<ref name=sectors/> each comprising multiple neighbourhoods,<ref name=wardsnbhds>{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/EdmontonWardNeighbourhoods.pdf |title=City of Edmonton Wards & Standard Neighbourhoods |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=September 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503100206/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/EdmontonWardNeighbourhoods.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2014}}</ref> include [[Heritage Valley, Edmonton|Heritage Valley]], [[Kaskitayo, Edmonton|Kaskitayo]], [[Riverbend, Edmonton|Riverbend]], [[Terwillegar Heights, Edmonton|Terwillegar Heights]] and [[Windermere (area), Edmonton|Windermere]] (southwest sector); [[The Grange, Edmonton|The Grange]], [[Lewis Farms, Edmonton|Lewis Farms]] and [[West Jasper Place (area), Edmonton|West Jasper Place]] (west sector); [[Big Lake, Edmonton|Big Lake]] (northwest sector); [[Castle Downs, Edmonton|Castle Downs]], [[Lake District, Edmonton|Lake District]] and [[The Palisades, Edmonton|The Palisades]] (north sector); [[Casselman-Steele Heights, Edmonton|Casselman-Steele Heights]], [[Clareview, Edmonton|Clareview]], [[Hermitage, Edmonton|Hermitage]], [[Londonderry, Edmonton|Londonderry]] and [[Pilot Sound, Edmonton|Pilot Sound]] (northeast sector); and [[Ellerslie (area), Edmonton|Ellerslie]], [[The Meadows, Edmonton|The Meadows]], Mill Woods and [[Southeast Edmonton]] (southeast sector).<ref name=plans>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/Plans_in_Effect.pdf |title=City of Edmonton Plans in Effect Map |publisher=City of Edmonton |date=October 2013 |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326082142/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/Plans_in_Effect.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2014 }}</ref> Mill Woods is divided into a town centre community ([[Mill Woods Town Centre (community), Edmonton|Mill Woods Town Centre]])<ref name=MWTCNASP>{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Mill_Woods_Town_Centre_ASP_Consolidation.pdf | publisher=City of Edmonton | title=Mill Woods Town Centre Neighbourhood Area Structure Plan (Office Consolidation) | date=December 2006 | access-date=November 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503100454/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Mill_Woods_Town_Centre_ASP_Consolidation.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2014}}</ref> and eight surrounding communities:<ref name=MWDC>{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/for_residents/Mill_Woods_Development_Concept_Consolidation.pdf | title=Mill Woods Development Concept | publisher=City of Edmonton | access-date=February 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503101127/http://www.edmonton.ca/for_residents/Mill_Woods_Development_Concept_Consolidation.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2014}}</ref> [[Burnewood, Edmonton|Burnewood]], [[Knottwood, Edmonton|Knottwood]], [[Lakewood, Edmonton|Lakewood]], [[Millbourne, Edmonton|Millbourne]], [[Millhurst, Edmonton|Millhurst]], [[Ridgewood, Edmonton|Ridgewood]], [[Southwood, Edmonton|Southwood]], and [[Woodvale, Edmonton|Woodvale]].<ref name=MWCL>{{cite web|title=Community Leagues |url=http://www.seedmonton.ca/community_leagues/ |publisher=Mill Woods Presidents' Council |access-date=November 28, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627014026/http://seedmonton.ca/community_leagues |archive-date=June 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/for_residents/2006_DEMOGRAPHIC_Lee_Ridge.pdf#xml=http://search1.edmonton.ca/texis/ThunderstoneSearchService/pdfhi.txt?query=millbourne&pr=www.edmonton.ca&prox=page&rorder=750&rprox=250&rdfreq=0&rwfreq=0&rlead=750&rdepth=0&sufs=0&order=r&cq=&id=50925eb240 |title=Lee Ridge Neighbourhood Profile |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=November 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326032721/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Lee_Ridge.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2014}}</ref> Each has between two and four neighbourhoods.<ref name=wardsnbhds/>
[[File:2008-12-27 Candy Cane Lane 013.jpg|thumb|left|Houses in [[Crestwood, Edmonton|Crestwood]], a residential neighbourhood typical of most suburban areas of Edmonton]]
Several [[transit-oriented development]]s (TOD) have begun to appear along the LRT line at Clareview, with future developments planned at [[Belvedere, Edmonton|Belvedere]] (part of the Old Town Fort Road Redevelopment Project).<ref>{{cite web |author=City of Edmonton, Planning |title=Fort Road Old Town Master Plan |publisher=City of Edmonton |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/projects_redevelopment/old-town-fort-road-redevelopment.aspx |access-date=May 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501114302/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/projects_redevelopment/old-town-fort-road-redevelopment.aspx |archive-date=May 1, 2012 }}</ref> Another TOD, Century Park,<ref>{{cite web |author=Century Park Club and Residences |title=centuryCentral |publisher=ProCura |url=http://www.centurypark.ca/ |access-date=October 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012073230/http://centurypark.ca/ |archive-date=October 12, 2007}}</ref> is being constructed at the site of what was once Heritage Mall, at the southern end of the LRT line. Century Park will eventually house up to 5,000 residents.<ref name="edmontonslrt2005">{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/SLRT-SIPBrochure.pdf |title=Century Park to Ellerslie Road Preliminary Engineering |author=City of Edmonton |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=February 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326100253/http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/SLRT-SIPBrochure.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Row Housing Blatchford Edmonton.jpg|thumb|Row housing in Blatchford]]
The Edmonton City Centre Airport is being redeveloped into a sustainable community of 30,000 people called [[Blatchford, Edmonton|Blatchford]], comprising a transit-oriented mixed use town centre, townhouses, low, medium and high rise apartments, neighbourhood retail and service uses, renewable energy, district heating and cooling, and a major park.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/City_Centre_ARP_Consolidation.pdf |title=City Centre Redevelopment Area Redevelopment Plan |publisher=City of Edmonton | date=May 2012 |access-date=November 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326082754/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/City_Centre_ARP_Consolidation.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2014}}</ref> The first residents moved into Blatchford in November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First show home opens in Edmonton's Blatchford neighbourhood|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7500845/blatchford-edmonton-show-home-open/|access-date=December 4, 2020|website=Global News|language=en-US}}</ref>

Edmonton has four major industrial districts: the Northwest Industrial District, the Northeast Industrial District, the Southeast Industrial District, and the emerging Edmonton Energy and Technology Park,<ref name=EIN>{{cite web |title=Edmonton's Industrial Neighbourhoods |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/edmontons-industrial-neighbourhoods.aspx |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=November 26, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125002106/http://edmonton.ca/business_economy/edmontons-industrial-neighbourhoods.aspx |archive-date=January 25, 2013 }}</ref> which is part of Alberta's Industrial Heartland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/industrial_development/edmonton-energy-technology-park.aspx |title=Edmonton Energy and Technology Park |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326042212/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/industrial_development/edmonton-energy-technology-park.aspx |archive-date=March 26, 2015 }}</ref> The northwest, northeast and southeast districts each have smaller industrial areas and neighbourhoods within them.<ref name=wardsnbhds/><ref name=EIN/>

The city has established 12 [[business revitalization zone]]s: [[124 Street, Edmonton|124 Street and Area]], [[Alberta Avenue, Edmonton|Alberta Avenue]], Beverly, Downtown, [[Chinatown and Little Italy, Edmonton|Chinatown and Little Italy]], Fort Road and Area, Inglewood, Kingsway, North Edge, Northwest Industrial, [[Old Strathcona]] and Stony Plain Road.<ref name="BRZ">{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/business_resources/business-revitalization-zones.aspx |author=The City of Edmonton |title=Business Revitalization Zones |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503115318/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/business_resources/business-revitalization-zones.aspx |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }}</ref>