Editing Economy of Mexico (section)

=== Poverty ===
{{Main|Poverty in Mexico}}
[[File:Poverty headcount ratio at 5.50 a day.png|thumb|350px|Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population). Based on World Bank data ranging from 1998 to 2018.]]
Poverty in Mexico is measured under parameters such as [[nutrition]], [[Drinking water|clean water]], [[Home|shelter]], [[education]], [[health care]], [[social security]], quality and [[Public utility|basic services]] in the household, [[Employment|income]] and [[social cohesion]] as defined by [[Social change|social development]] laws in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/264.pdf |title=Mexican Congress Bill, ''General Law of Social Development'' |author=Mexican Congress |date=January 4, 2004 |access-date=November 16, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722125903/http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/264.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2011 }}</ref> It is divided into two categories: Moderate poverty and Extreme poverty.

While less than 2% of Mexico's population lives below the [[Poverty threshold|international poverty line]] set by the [[World Bank]], as of 2013, Mexico's government estimates that 33% of Mexico's population lives in moderate poverty and 9% lives in [[extreme poverty]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animalpolitico.com/2013/07/hay-53-3-millones-de-pobres-en-mexico/#axzz2afm3acCw|title=1.4 millones de mexicanos dejan la pobreza extrema entre 2010 y 2012|publisher=Animal político|date=July 29, 2013|access-date=July 31, 2013|archive-date=July 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707150424/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2013/07/hay-53-3-millones-de-pobres-en-mexico/#axzz2afm3acCw|url-status=dead}}</ref> which leads to 42% of Mexico's total population living below the national poverty line.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/Boletines/Boletin/Comunicados/Especiales/2013/junio/comunica6.pdf |title=Clases medias en México |publisher=[[INEGI]] |date=June 12, 2013 |access-date=July 19, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715165329/http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/Boletines/Boletin/Comunicados/Especiales/2013/junio/comunica6.pdf |archive-date=July 15, 2013  }}</ref> The gap might be explained by the government's adopting the [[Multidimensional Poverty Index|multidimensional poverty method]] as a way to measure poverty, so a person who has an income higher than the "international poverty line" or "well being income line" set by the Mexican government might fall in the "moderate poverty" category if he or she has one or more deficiencies related to social rights such as education (did not complete studies), nutrition (malnutrition or obesity), or living standards (including elemental, such as water or electricity, and secondary domestic assets, such as refrigerators). Extreme poverty is defined by the Mexican government as persons who have deficiencies in both social rights and an income lower than the "well being income line".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://estepais.com/site/?p=32594|title=La medición oficial de la pobreza en México|publisher=EstePaís.com|date=March 1, 2011|access-date=July 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215020601/http://estepais.com/site/?p=32594|archive-date=December 15, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additional figures from [[Secretariat of Welfare (Mexico)|SEDESOL]] (Mexico's social development agency) estimates that 6% (7.4 million people) live in extreme poverty and suffer from [[Food security in Mexico|food insecurity]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/f1773e33b92b693ffaa0b83bb17317e9 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130720025514/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/f1773e33b92b693ffaa0b83bb17317e9 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 20, 2013 |title=Cruzada contra el hambre atenderá a 7.4 millones de pobres |newspaper=Milenio |date=January 21, 2013 |access-date=July 19, 2013 }}</ref>

Recently, extensive changes in government economic policy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2010/new031610a.htm|title=Mexico Recovering...|author=IMF Survey|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date=March 16, 2010|access-date=November 16, 2010|archive-date=January 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101070042/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2010/new031610a.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and attempts at reducing government interference through privatization of several sectors,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://humanglobalization.org/latinams/pdf/GlobLatAmMexico.pdf |title=Impact of Globalization: the Case of Mexico |publisher=HumanGlobalization.org |date=November 2010 |access-date=November 16, 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726161837/http://humanglobalization.org/latinams/pdf/GlobLatAmMexico.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2011 }}</ref> for better<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubWP-513.pdf|title=Privatization in Mexico|author=Albert Chong and Florencio López de Silanes|publisher=Inter-American Development Bank|date=August 2004|access-date=November 16, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613164634/http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubWP-513.pdf|archive-date=June 13, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> or worse,<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.bibliojuridica.org/libros/libro.htm?l=1206|title=Globalización y Privatización: El Sector Público en México, 1982-1999|author=Hernández Oliva, Rocío Citlalli|id={{Listed invalid ISBN|968-6403-32-5}}|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública (INAP)|date=July 2001|access-date=November 16, 2010|archive-date=March 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315024127/http://www.bibliojuridica.org/libros/libro.htm?l=1206|url-status=live}}</ref> allowed Mexico to remain the biggest economy in Latin America,<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-10-04/mexico-boom-leads-americas-as-drug-war-loses-to-nafta.html|title=Mexico Boom Leads Americas as Drug War Loses to NAFTA|author= Tal Barak Harif and Jonathan J. Levin|magazine=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|date=October 4, 2010|access-date=November 16, 2010}}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>{{Dubious|date=July 2022}} until 2005 when it became the second-largest;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9548374|title=Brazil now Latin America's largest economy|agency=Associated Press|work=NBC News|date=September 30, 2005|access-date=November 28, 2010|archive-date=September 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924074657/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/9548374|url-status=live}}</ref> and a so-called "[[trillion dollar club]]" member.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/mexico/mexico_economy.html|title=Mexico in the Trillion Dollar Class|author=CIA World Fact Book|date=January 15, 2010|access-date=November 16, 2010|archive-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402113537/https://theodora.com/wfbcurrent/mexico/mexico_economy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite these changes, Mexico continues to suffer great social inequality and lack of opportunities.<ref name="Guzman">{{cite web|url=http://www.mexidata.info/id1038.html|title=Social Inequality in Mexico|author=Samuel Peña Guzman|publisher=Mexidata.info|date=September 4, 2006|access-date=November 16, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125093758/http://mexidata.info/id1038.html|archive-date=November 25, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Enrique Peña Nieto|Peña Nieto's administration]] made an attempt at reducing poverty in the country, to provide more opportunities to its citizens such as jobs,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/prensa/sectur/?contenido=36817 |title=Promoting Tourism to tackle Poverty |author=Secretary of Tourism |publisher=Mexican Federal Government |date=July 2, 2008 |access-date=November 16, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102516/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/prensa/sectur/?contenido=36817 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 }}</ref> education, and the installation of [[universal healthcare]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.terra.com.mx/articulo.aspx?articuloId=887286|title=Federal Government Poverty Fight Initiative|publisher=Notimex|date=December 28, 2009|access-date=November 16, 2010|archive-date=April 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412060752/http://www.terra.com.mx/articulo.aspx?articuloId=887286|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/mexico-universal-health/|title=Mexico achieves universal health coverage, enrolls 52.6 million people in less than a decade|publisher=Harvard School of Public Health|date=August 15, 2012|access-date=September 16, 2013|archive-date=February 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202092644/http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/mexico-universal-health/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Income inequality ====
[[File:Mexico GDP per capita 2012.png|thumb|450px|The GDP per capita of Mexican States in USD, 2012.]]

A single person in Mexico, [[Carlos Slim]],<ref>{{cite magazine
 | title=Carlos Slim's Embarrassment of Riches - TIME | url= http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1642286,00.html
 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070713220925/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1642286,00.html
 | url-status= dead
 | archive-date= July 13, 2007
| magazine=Time | date=July 11, 2007}}</ref> has a net worth equal to six percent of GDP. Additionally, only ten percent of Mexicans represent 25% of Mexican GDP. A smaller group, 3.5%, represent 12.5% of Mexican GDP.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2013/05/07/114858099-el-3-de-los-mexicanos-mas-acaudalados-gasta-lo-equivalente-a-una-decima-parte-del-pib |title=La Jornada en Internet: Gasto de los más acaudalados del país supera 10% del PIB |access-date=May 7, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509161652/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2013/05/07/114858099-el-3-de-los-mexicanos-mas-acaudalados-gasta-lo-equivalente-a-una-decima-parte-del-pib |archive-date=May 9, 2013  }}</ref>

According to the [[OECD]], Mexico is the country with the second highest degree of economic disparity between the extremely poor and extremely rich, after [[Chile]] – although this gap has been diminishing over the last decade. The bottom ten percent of the income rung disposes 1.36% of the country's resources, whereas the upper 10% dispose of almost 36%. OECD also notes that Mexico's budgeted expenses for poverty alleviation and social development are only about a third of the OECD average – in absolute and relative numbers.<ref name="OECDREFORMA">Perspectivas OCDE: México Reformas para el Cambio [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/8/49363879.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522205932/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/8/49363879.pdf|date=May 22, 2012}} "Si bien la pobreza había venido disminuyendo a lo largo de los últimos decenios, en fechas recientes ha vuelto a aumentar. Entre 2004 y 2008 la proporción de personas que vivían con menos del 50% del ingreso medio aumentó del 18.4% al 21%. También se registró un crecimiento considerable en las últimas estadísticas oficiales sobre la pobreza absoluta, que tienen en cuenta el acceso a alimentos, salud, educación, vivienda y otros factores. De acuerdo con datos recientes del Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL), entre 2006 y 2010, la proporción de personas que vivían en la pobreza (extrema y moderada) aumentó del 35% al 46% (lo que equivale a 52 millones de personas). El alto nivel de pobreza absoluta se refleja también en otros indicadores relativos a las condiciones de vida: por ejemplo, la mortalidad infantil, que es tres veces superior al promedio de la OCDE, y la tasa de analfabetismo, que supera a la media del conjunto de la Organización. México es el segundo país con las desigualdades más grandes entre los países de la OCDE, después de Chile, si bien la tendencia ha sido descendente en la última década. Las estadísticas más recientes de la OCDE, que figuran en el informe Divided We Stand (diciembre de 2011), señalan que el 10% más pobre de la población de México percibe alrededor del 1.3% del ingreso total disponible, mientras que el 10% más rico recibe casi el 36%. Aunque México es uno de los pocos países de la OCDE donde las desigualdades han disminuido en las últimas décadas, éstas siguen siendo altas y se han convertido en un obstáculo para el crecimiento y el desarrollo."</ref> According to the World Bank 2004, 17.6% of Mexico's population lived in extreme poverty, while 21% lived in moderate poverty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMEXICO/Resources/Executive_Summary.pdf |title=World Bank:Income Generation and Social Protection for the Poor:Executive Summary, 2005 |access-date=April 16, 2011 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001144/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMEXICO/Resources/Executive_Summary.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>