Editing Economic security (section)

== National economic security ==
In the context of [[Domestic politics|domestic]] [[politics]] and [[international relations]], '''national economic security''' is the ability of a [[nation-state|country]] to follow its choice of policies to develop the national economy in the manner desired. Historically, conquest of nations have made conquerors rich through plunder, access to new resources and enlarged trade through controlling of the economies of conquered nations. Today's complex system of international trade is characterized by multi-national agreements and mutual inter-dependence. Availability of natural resources and capacity for production and distribution are essential under this system, leading many experts to consider economic security to be as important a part of national security as military policy.

Economic security has been proposed as a key determinant of [[international relations]], particularly in the [[geopolitics]] of [[petroleum]] in [[United States|American]] foreign policy after [[1973 oil crisis]] and [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11, 2001]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Rupert |first=Mark |title=International Relations Theory |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2007 |location=Oxford |isbn=<!--unknown-->}}</ref>

In [[Canada]], threats to the country's overall economic security are considered '''economic espionage''', which is "illegal, clandestine or coercive activity by a foreign government in order to gain unauthorized access to economic intelligence, such as proprietary information or technology, for economic advantage."<ref>[http://www.csis.gc.ca/nwsrm/bckgrndrs/bckgrndr06-eng.asp Backgrounder No. 6: Economic Security<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005092218/http://www.csis.gc.ca/nwsrm/bckgrndrs/bckgrndr06-eng.asp |date=October 5, 2011 }} </ref>

In January 2021, the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS) issued Strategic Action Plan to Counter the Threat Posed by China.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 12, 2021 |title=DHS Strategic Action Plan to Counter the Threat Posed by the People's Republic of China |url=https://www.dhs.gov/publication/dhs-strategic-action-plan-counter-threat-posed-people-s-republic-china |website=[[United States Department of Homeland Security|DHS, U.S.]] |access-date=May 12, 2022 }}</ref>

In October 2021 in Japan, prime minister [[Fumio Kishida]] created [[First Kishida Cabinet|the first-ever ministerial post]] for economic security.<ref>
{{cite web|date=October 27, 2021 |author=Matthew P. Goodman |title=Economic Security: A Shared U.S.-Japan Priority |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/economic-security-shared-us-japan-priority |website=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies|CSIS]] |access-date=May 12, 2022 }}</ref>
And in April 2022, Japan's [[National Diet]] passed an economic security bill aimed at guarding technology and reinforcing critical supply chains, while also imposing tighter oversight of Japanese firms working in sensitive sectors or critical infrastructure.
Measures in the legislation, which is primarily aimed at warding off [[Chinese intelligence activity abroad|risks from China]], will be implemented over two years once it is enacted, according to the bill.<ref>{{cite news|date=May 11, 2022 |title=Japan passes economic security bill to guard sensitive technology |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-passes-economic-security-bill-guard-sensitive-technology-2022-05-11/ |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=May 12, 2022 }}</ref>

In March 2023, Japan and Germany agreed to strengthen cooperation on economic security in the aftermath of tensions over global supply chains and the economic impact of [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. In the first high-ministerial government consultations held between the two countries, German Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] reached out to Tokyo to seek to reduce Germany's dependence on China for imports of raw materials.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 18, 2023 
|title=Germany, Japan pledge to boost cooperation on economic security |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-japan-economic-security-olaf-scholz/ 
|work=[[Politico]] |access-date=March 19, 2023 }}</ref>

On April 4, 2023, a G7 Trade Ministers' Meeting via video conference was held to discuss on enhancing economic security, and a G7 Trade Ministers' Statement was issued on the day.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=G7 Trade Ministers' Statement |url=https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2023/pdf/0404_001a.pdf |website=[[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry|METI, Japan]] |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref>
Also in April 2023, Japan's [[Public Security Intelligence Agency]] (PSIA) launched a division dedicated to economic security. The agency also plans to set up such dedicated units in its regional bureaus nationwide to step up efforts to prevent cutting-edge technology and data from being leaked out of the country.<ref>{{cite web|date=9 April 2023 |author=[[Jiji Press]] |title=Japan launches new intel division for economic security |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/04/09/national/economic-security-agency/ |website=[[The Japan Times]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>
On 20 May 2023 on occasion of the [[49th G7 summit|G7 Hiroshima summit]], economic security was discussed for the first time as the G7 agenda,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/ecm/ec/page1e_000686.html |date=20 May 2023 |title=G7 Hiroshima Summit (Session 5 Economic Resilience and Economic Security) |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan]] |access-date=20 May 2023 }}</ref> and "G7 Leaders' Statement on Economic Resilience and Economic Security" was issued based on the discussion.<ref name="G7-ER&ES">{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100506849.pdf |date=20 May 2023 |title=G7 Leaders' Statement on Economic Resilience and Economic Security |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan]] |access-date=20 May 2023 }}</ref>

On 20 June 2023, the [[European Commission]] and the High Representative proposed a Joint Communication on a European Economic Security Strategy which will be discussed by EU leaders at their meeting.<ref name="EC_2023-06-20">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3358 |date=20 June 2023 |title=An EU approach to enhance economic security |website=[[European Commission]] |access-date=20 June 2023 }}</ref>