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===Roads=== {{main|Road debris}} Dust kicked up by vehicles traveling on [[road]]s is a significant source of harmful [[air pollution]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Raihan K. |last2=Strand |first2=Mark A. |title=Road dust and its effect on human health: a literature review |journal=Epidemiology and Health |date=10 April 2018 |volume=40 |pages=e2018013 |doi=10.4178/epih.e2018013 |pmid=29642653 |pmc=5968206 |issn=2092-7193}}</ref> Road dust consists of deposits of vehicle and industrial [[exhaust gas]], particles from [[tire]] and [[brake]] wear, [[construction dust|dust]] from paved roads or [[pothole]]s, and dust from [[construction]] sites. Road dust is a significant contributor to the generation and release of [[particulates]] into the atmosphere.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 23, 2006|title=Environment Canada β Pollution and Waste β Tracking Pollution in Canada|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/npri/consultations/2006/Road_Dust_e.cfm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924014341/http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/npri/consultations/2006/Road_Dust_e.cfm|archive-date=September 24, 2006|access-date=May 17, 2021|website=The Green Lane}}</ref> Control of road dust is a significant challenge in [[urban area]]s, and also in other locations with high levels of vehicular traffic upon unsealed roads, such as mines and [[landfill]]s. "Engine exhaust emissions, especially from those operating on diesel fuel, can be a significant source of fine particle generation from construction sites." Construction and [[demolition]] activities can also produce a large amount of [[construction waste]]. The dust and [[particulates]] can become [[fugitive dust| fugitive]] and airborne with [[vehicle]] movements both on and outside the sites, especially when it is windy and dry.<ref name=rbkcgovuk>{{cite web | url=https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/pdf/Document%2012%20-%20BRE%20-%20Control%20of%20Dust%20from%20Construction%20&%20Demolition%20Activities.pdf | title=Control of dust from construction and demolition activities | page=12-22 | access-date=4 Feb 2025}}</ref> Road dust may be suppressed by mechanical methods like [[street sweeper]], vehicles equipped with [[vacuum cleaner]]s,<ref>{{Cite conference|last1=Peel|first1=G.|last2=Michielen|first2=M.|last3=Parker|first3=G.|title=2001 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8556) |date=July 8β12, 2001|chapter=Some aspects of road sweeping vehicle automation|conference=2001 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics|location=[[Como]]|publisher=[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]]|volume=1|pages=337β342|doi=10.1109/AIM.2001.936477|isbn=978-0-7803-6736-4}}</ref> [[vegetable oil]] sprays,<ref name="usroads.com">{{cite web|date=June 1, 1998|title=Questions and Answers: Road Dust Control with Soapstock-A Soybean Oil By- Product|url=http://www.usroads.com/journals/rmej/9806/rm980604.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403024953/http://www.usroads.com/journals/rmej/9806/rm980604.htm|archive-date=April 3, 2018|access-date=May 17, 2021|publisher=Usroads.com}}</ref> or with water sprayers. [[Calcium chloride#Road surfacing|Calcium chloride]] can be used. Improvements in [[automotive engineering]] have reduced the amount of [[Particulates#Size, shape and solubility matter|PM<sub>10</sub>s]] produced by road traffic; the proportion representing re-suspension of existing particulates has increased as a result.
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