Editing Dumnonii (section)

==Settlements==

===Isca Dumnoniorum===
{{Main|Isca Dumnoniorum}}
The [[Latin]] name for Exeter is Isca Dumnoniorum ("Water of the Dumnonii"). This [[oppidum]] (a [[Latin]] term meaning an important town) on the banks of [[River Exe]] certainly existed prior to the foundation of the [[Roman Britain|Roman city]] in about AD 50. ''Isca'' is derived from the [[Brittonic languages|Brythonic]] word for flowing water, which was given to the River Exe. The Gaelic term for water is ''uisce/uisge''. This is reflected in the Welsh name for Exeter: ''Caerwysg'' meaning "fortified settlement on the river Uisc".

Isca Dumnoniorum originated with a settlement that developed around the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] fortress of the [[Legio II Augusta]] and is one of the four ''[[poleis]]'' (cities) attributed to the tribe by [[Ptolemy]].<ref name=RBOD>{{cite web
|url=http://www.roman-britain.org/tribes/dumnonii.htm
|title=The Celtic Tribes of Britain: The Dumnonii
|publisher=Roman Britain Organisation
|access-date=2012-07-05
}}</ref> It is also listed in two routes of the late 2nd century [[Antonine Itinerary]].

A legionary bath-house was built inside the fortress sometime between 55 and 60 and underwent renovation shortly afterwards (c. 60-65) but by c. 68 (perhaps even 66) the legion had transferred to a newer fortress at [[Gloucester]]. This saw the dismantling of the Isca fortress, and the site was then abandoned. Around AD 75, work on the ''civitas forum'' and ''basilica'' had commenced on the site of the former ''principia'' and by the late 2nd century the ''civitas'' walls had been completed. They were 3 metres thick and 6 metres high and enclosed exactly the same area as the earlier fortress. However, by the late 4th century the ''civitas'' was in decline.<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/places/isca_dumnoniorum/
 |title       = ISCA DVMNONIORVM
 |publisher   = Roman Britain
}}</ref>

{{Quote box
 | quote = Next to these [the [[Durotriges]]], but more to the west, are the Dumnoni, whose towns are:<br />Voliba 14°45&nbsp;52°00<br />Uxella 15°00&nbsp;52°45<br />Tamara 15°00&nbsp;52°15<br />Isca, where is located Legio II Augusta 17°30&nbsp;52°45.
 | source = —Ptolemy, ''Geography'' II.ii.<ref name=RBOD />
 | width = 25%
 | qalign = left
 | align = right
}}

===Other settlements===
As well as Isca Dumnoniorum, [[Ptolemy]]'s 2nd century ''Geography'' names three other towns:<ref name=RBOD />
*Voliba, which remains unidentified,
*Uxella, possibly on the [[River Axe (Bristol Channel)|River Axe]], or at [[Launceston, Cornwall|Launceston]], and
*Tamara, generally considered to be somewhere on the [[River Tamar]].

The [[Ravenna Cosmography]] includes the last two names (in slightly different forms, as "Tamaris" and "Uxelis"), and adds several more names which may be settlements in the territory. These include:
*Nemetostatio, a name relating to ''[[nemeton]]'', signifying "sanctuary' or "[[sacred grove]]". Probably to be identified with [[North Tawton]] in Devon where there is a Roman earthwork that may be military, or possibly a tax collection station.<ref name=RBOD />
*Purocoronavis, which may refer to an important native hill fort, such as [[Carn Brea, Redruth|Carn Brea]] or [[Tintagel]].<ref name=RBOD /> The name has led to speculation about the Cornish [[Cornovii (Cornwall)|Cornovii]].

Other [[Romano-British]] sites in Dumnonia include:
*[[Topsham, Devon]] - a settlement and harbour that served Isca Dumnoniorum to which it was connected by road and river.<ref name=RBOD />
*[[Nanstallon]] (Cornwall) - a square military enclosure, seemingly associated with [[tin]] workings at nearby [[Boscarne]].<ref name=RBOD />
*[[Mount Batten]] (Devon) - an [[Iron Age]] tin port that continued into Roman times.<ref name=RBOD />
*[[Plymouth]] (Devon) - evidence of a Roman settlement has been found on the north side of the harbour.<ref name=RBOD />
*[[Ictis]] - an ancient port trading in tin.<ref name=RBOD />

New settlements continued to be built throughout the Roman period, including sites at [[Chysauster]] and [[Trevelgue Head]]. The style is native in form with no Romanised features. Near [[Padstow]], a site of some importance that was inhabited from the late Bronze/early Iron Age to the mid 6th century now lies buried under the sands on the opposite side of the Camel estuary near St. Enodoc's Church, and may have been a western coastal equivalent of a [[Saxon Shore Fort]]. Byzantine and African pottery has been discovered at the site.<ref name=RBOD /> At Magor Farm in [[Illogan]], near [[Camborne]], an archaeological site has been identified as being a [[villa]].<ref name=RBOD />