Editing Dresden (section)

===19th and early 20th century===
[[File:Brodowski Napoleon Elbe.jpg|thumb|''[[Napoleon]] Crossing the [[Elbe]]'' by [[Józef Brodowski the Younger|Józef Brodowski]] (1895)]]

In 1806, Dresden became the capital of the [[Kingdom of Saxony]] established by [[Napoleon]]. During the [[Napoleonic Wars]] the French Emperor made it a [[Headquarters|base of operations]], winning there the [[Battle of Dresden]] on 27 August 1813. As a result of the [[Congress of Vienna]], the Kingdom of Saxony became part of the [[German Confederation]] in 1815. Following the Polish uprisings of [[November Uprising|1831]], [[Greater Poland uprising (1848)|1848]] and [[January Uprising|1863]] many Poles fled to Dresden, including the artistic and political elite, such as composer [[Frédéric Chopin]], war hero [[Józef Bem]] and writer [[Adam Mickiewicz]].<ref name=ams>{{cite magazine|last=Sadowski|first=Aleksander Marek|year=2022|title=Sachsen und Polen – Tausend Jahre Nachbarschaft / Polska i Saksonia – tysiąc lat sąsiedztwa|magazine=Polonus|language=de,pl|location=Ostritz|issue=5|page=39|issn=2701-6285}}</ref> Mickiewicz wrote one of his greatest works, [[Dziady (poem)|''Dziady'', Part III]], there.<ref name=ams/> Dresden itself was a centre of the [[German revolutions of 1848–49|German Revolutions]] in 1848–1849 with the [[May Uprising in Dresden|May Uprising]], which cost human lives and damaged the historic town of Dresden.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dresdner Maiaufstand |url=https://www.demokratie-geschichte.de/karte/2397 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140919/https://www.demokratie-geschichte.de/karte/2397 |archive-date=2023-10-18 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=AG Orte der Demokratiegeschichte |language=de}}</ref> The uprising forced [[Frederick Augustus II of Saxony]] to flee from Dresden, but he soon after regained control over the city with the help of Prussia. In 1852, the population of Dresden grew to 100,000 inhabitants, making it one of the biggest cities within the German Confederation.

As the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, Dresden became part of the newly founded [[German Empire]] in 1871. In the following years, the city became a major centre of economy, including motor car production, food processing, banking and the manufacture of [[medical equipment]]. In the early 20th century, Dresden was particularly well known for its camera works and its cigarette factories. During [[World War I]], the city did not suffer any war damage, but lost many of its inhabitants. Between 1918 and 1934, Dresden was the capital of the first Free State of Saxony as well as a cultural and economic centre of the [[Weimar Republic]]. The city was also a centre of European [[modern art]] until 1933.

[[File:Dresdner_Maiaufstand.jpg|thumb|[[May Uprising in Dresden]], 1849]]

====Military history====
[[File:Dresden photochrom2.jpg|thumb|right|Image of Dresden during the 1890s, before extensive World War II destruction. Landmarks include [[Dresden Frauenkirche]], [[Augustus Bridge]], and [[Katholische Hofkirche]].]]

During the foundation of the German Empire in 1871, a large military facility called [[Albertstadt]] was built.<ref>Rüdiger Nern, Erich Sachße, Bert Wawrzinek. ''Die Dresdner Albertstadt''. Dresden, 1994; ''Albertstadt&nbsp;– sämtliche Militärbauten in Dresden''. Dresden, 1880</ref> It had a capacity of up to 20,000 [[Soldier|military personnel]] at the beginning of the [[First World War]]. The garrison saw only limited use between 1918 and 1934, but was then reactivated in preparation for the [[Second World War]].

Its usefulness was limited by attacks on [[Bombing of Dresden in World War II|13–15 February]] and 17 April 1945, the former of which destroyed large areas of the city. However, the garrison itself was not specifically targeted.<ref name="Air Force Historical Studies Office">{{cite web|url=http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/PopTopics/dresden.htm|title=Historical Analysis of the 14–15 February 1945 Bombings of Dresden|publisher=[[United States Air Force|Air Force Historical Studies Office]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817084455/http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/PopTopics/dresden.htm|archive-date=17 August 2010}} including a list of all bombings on the railway network (especially towards Bohemia).</ref><ref>Bergander, Götz. ''Dresden im Luftkrieg'': Vorgeschichte-Zerstörung-Folgen, p. 251 ff. Verlag Böhlau 1994, {{ISBN|3-412-10193-1}}</ref> Soldiers had been deployed as late as March 1945 in the Albertstadt garrison.

The Albertstadt garrison became the headquarters of the [[Soviet 1st Guards Tank Army]] in the [[Group of Soviet Forces in Germany]] after the war. Apart from the [[German Army|German army]] officers' school (''Offizierschule des Heeres''), there have been no more [[military unit]]s in Dresden since the army merger during German reunification, and the withdrawal of Soviet forces in 1992. Nowadays, the Bundeswehr operates the [[Militärhistorisches Museum der Bundeswehr|Military History Museum]] of the Federal Republic of Germany in the former Albertstadt garrison.