Editing Drag queen (section)

===Drag queens and kings===
The meaning of the term ''drag queen'' has changed across time. The term first emerged in New York City in the 1950s, and initially had two meanings. The first meaning referred to an amateur performer who did not make a living in drag but may have participated in amateur public performances such as those held at a [[Cross-dressing ball|drag ball]] or a [[drag pageant]]. This was meant to draw a line differentiating amateurs performing in drag for fun from professional female impersonators who made a living performing in drag.<ref name="origins"/>

The second original meaning of drag queen was applied to men who chose to wear women's clothing on the streets, an act which was at that time illegal in New York City. Of this latter type two additional slang terms were applied: ''square drag queens'' which meant "boys who looked like girls but who you knew were boys" and ''street queens'' who were queer male sex workers, often homeless, that dressed as women. This second use of the term was also layered with transphobic subtext and the term drag queen was again meant to protect the professional female impersonator by allowing them to dissociate themselves from both aspects of queer culture and from sex workers in order to maintain respectability among the predominantly heteronormative audiences who employed them. This understanding of the term drag queen persisted through the 1960s.<ref name="origins">{{cite book|chapter=Chapter 5: 1960-1969|title=Glitter and Concrete: A Cultural History of Drag in New York City|first=Elyssa Maxx|last=Goodman|year=2023|publisher=[[Hanover Square Press]]}}</ref>

In 1971, an article in [[Lee Brewster]]'s ''Drag Queens'' magazine described a drag queen as a "homosexual [[transvestite]]" who is hyperfeminine, flamboyant, and militant.<ref name="dq_1_1_11_12">{{cite magazine |editor1-last=Brewster |editor1-first=Lee G. |editor2-last=Gybbons |editor2-first=Kay |editor3-last=McAllister |editor3-first=Laura |date=1971 |title=Drag Queen vs. Transvestite |magazine=Drag Queens: A Magazine About the Transvestite |volume=1 |issue=1 |publisher=Queens Publications |publication-place=New York, NY |pages=11–12 |url=https://archive.org/details/drag11unse/page/10/mode/2up}}</ref><ref name="dq_1_4_29_30">{{cite magazine |editor1-last=Brewster |editor1-first=Lee G. |editor2-last=Gybbons |editor2-first=Kay |editor3-last=McAllister |editor3-first=Laura |date=1971 |title=Drag Queen vs. Transvestite |magazine=Drag: A Magazine About the Transvestite |volume=1 |issue=4 |publisher=Queens Publications |publication-place=New York, NY |pages=29–30 |url=https://archive.org/details/drag14unse/page/28/mode/2up}}</ref> Drag queens were further described as having an attitude of superiority, and commonly courted by heterosexual men who would "not ordinarily participate in homosexual relationships".<ref name="dq_1_1_11_12"/><ref name="dq_1_4_29_30"/> While the term ''drag queen'' implied "homosexual transvestite", the term ''drag'' carried no such connotations.<ref name="dq_2_6_4">{{cite magazine |editor-last=Brewster |editor1-first=Lee G. |editor2-last=Gybbons |editor2-first=Kay |editor3-last=McAllister |editor3-first=Laura |date=1971 |title=Editorial: Drag |magazine=Drag: A Magazine About the Transvestite |volume=2 |issue=6 |publisher=Queens Publications |publication-place=New York, NY |page=4 |url=https://archive.org/details/drag00leeg_0/page/4/mode/2up}}</ref>

In the 1970s, ''drag queen'' was continually defined as a "homosexual transvestite".<ref name="newton_3">{{cite book |last=Newton |first=Esther |title=Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America |year=1972 |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |page=3 |isbn=9780226577609 }}</ref> ''Drag'' was parsed as changing one's clothes to those of a different sex, while ''[[queen (slang)|queen]]'' was said to refer to a homosexual man.<ref name="newton_3"/>

For much of history, drag queens were men, but in more modern times, [[cisgender]] and [[Trans woman|trans women]], as well as [[Non-binary gender|non-binary]] people, also perform as drag queens.<ref name="Guardian-MBH">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/mar/08/rupaul-drag-race-transgender-performers-diversity |title=Who can be a drag queen? RuPaul's trans comments fuel calls for inclusion |last=Levin |first=Sam |newspaper=The Guardian |date=8 March 2018 |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920040747/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/mar/08/rupaul-drag-race-transgender-performers-diversity |archive-date=20 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WaPo-MBH">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/03/09/im-a-trans-woman-and-a-drag-queen-despite-what-rupaul-says-you-can-be-both/ |title=I'm a trans woman and a drag queen. Despite what RuPaul says, you can be both |last=Beverly Hillz |first=Monica |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=9 March 2018 |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105336/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/03/09/im-a-trans-woman-and-a-drag-queen-despite-what-rupaul-says-you-can-be-both/ |archive-date=17 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Esquire-AMP">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/a19184923/peppermint-trans-drag-inclusion/ |title=Peppermint Is Taking on a New Fight for the Trans Community |last=Kirkland |first=Justin |magazine=Esquire |date=22 March 2018 |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425004115/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/a19184923/peppermint-trans-drag-inclusion/ |archive-date=25 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="kqed">{{cite news |url=https://www.kqed.org/pop/108023/meet-the-trans-non-binary-and-bio-queens-who-deserve-a-spot-on-rupauls-drag-race-u-k |title=Meet the Trans, Non-Binary and Bio Queens Who Deserve a Spot on 'RuPaul's Drag Race U.K.' |last=Alexandra |first=Rae |date=9 January 2019 |access-date=15 November 2019 |website=kqed.org |publisher=[[KQED Inc.|KQED]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115083920/https://www.kqed.org/pop/108023/meet-the-trans-non-binary-and-bio-queens-who-deserve-a-spot-on-rupauls-drag-race-u-k |archive-date=15 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2018 article, ''[[Psychology Today]]'' stated that drag queens are "most typically gay cisgender men (though there are many drag queens of varying sexual orientations and gender identities)".<ref name="pt">{{cite news |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/all-things-lgbtq/201801/the-psychology-drag |title=The Psychology of Drag |last=O'Brien |first=Jennifer |date=30 January 2018 |access-date=15 November 2019 |magazine=[[Psychology Today]] |publisher=John Thomas}}</ref>

Examples of trans-feminine drag queens, sometimes called ''trans queens'',<ref name="Vox-TQ">{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/3/6/17085244/rupaul-trans-women-drag-queens-interview-controversy |title=How RuPaul's comments on trans women led to a Drag Race revolt – and a rare apology |last=Framke |first=Caroline |publisher=Vox |date=7 March 2018 |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802040933/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/3/6/17085244/rupaul-trans-women-drag-queens-interview-controversy |archive-date=2 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> include [[Monica Beverly Hillz]]<ref name="Guardian-MBH"/><ref name="WaPo-MBH"/> and [[Peppermint (drag queen)|Peppermint]].<ref name="Esquire-AMP"/> Cisgender [[Female queen (drag)|female drag queens]] are sometimes called ''faux queens'' or ''bioqueens'', though critics of this practice assert that ''faux'' carries the connotation that the drag is fake, and that the use of ''bioqueen'' exclusively for cisgender females is a misnomer since trans-feminine queens exhibit gynomorphic features.<ref>{{cite thesis|type=PhD|last=Coull|first=Jamie Lee|date=2015|title=Faux Queens: an exploration of gender, sexuality and queerness in cis-female drag queen performance|publisher=Curtin University}}</ref><ref name="Guardian-FQ">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/jul/10/workin-it-how-female-drag-queens-are-causing-a-scene |title=Workin' it! How female drag queens are causing a scene |last=Nicholson |first=Rebecca |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 July 2017 |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807193146/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/jul/10/workin-it-how-female-drag-queens-are-causing-a-scene |archive-date=7 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Drag queens' counterparts are [[drag kings]]: performers, usually women, who dress in exaggeratedly masculine clothing. Examples of drag kings include [[Landon Cider]]. Trans men who dress like drag kings are sometimes termed trans kings.