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===Anthropology=== Amuzie Chimezie, writing in the ''[[Journal of Black Studies]]'' in 1976, connects the Dozens to a Nigerian game called {{Lang|ig|Ikocha Nkocha}}, literally translated as {{Gloss|making disparaging remarks}}. This form of the game is played by children and adolescents, and takes place in the evening, in the presence of parents and siblings. Commentary among the [[Igbo people|Igbo]] is more restrained: remarks about family members are rare, and are based more in fanciful imaginings than participants' actual traits. In contrast, during the game in Ghana, which is also commonly played in the evenings, insults are frequently directed at family members.<ref name="chimezie" /> [[Amiri Baraka]] independently concluded that the Dozens originated in Africa and states that they are a surviving adaptation of "African songs of recrimination."<ref>{{cite book|last=Baraka|first=Amiri|title=Blues People: Negro Music in White America|year=1999|publisher=Harper Perennial|isbn=978-0688184742|page=[https://archive.org/details/bluespeoplenegroexp00bara/page/27 27]|url=https://archive.org/details/bluespeoplenegroexp00bara/page/27}}</ref>
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