Editing Dortmund (section)

===Middle Ages and early modern period===
[[File:Probsteikirche-Baegert-Altar-1470-Marien-Reinoldi.jpg|thumb|left|St. Marys and St. Reinolds in 1470]]
After it was destroyed by a fire, the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Frederick I (Barbarossa)]] had the town rebuilt in 1152 and resided there (among other places) for two years. In 1267 St. Mary's Church, Dortmund, and three years later in 1270 [[St. Reinold's Church, Dortmund|St. Reinold's Church]] first mentioned. The combination of crossroad, market place, administrative centre – town hall, made Dortmund an important centre in Westphalia. 
It became an [[Imperial Free City]] and one of the first cities in Europe with an official [[Brewing right]] in 1293.{{sfn|Ring|1995}} Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, the Netherlands Circle of the [[Hanseatic League]].
[[File:Alte Markt Dortmund.JPG|thumb|Old market [[St. Reinoldi (Dortmund)|St. Reinolds]]]]
After 1320, the city appeared in writing as "Dorpmunde". In the years leading up to 1344, the English King, [[Edward III]], even borrowed money from well-heeled Dortmund merchant families Berswordt and Klepping, offering the regal crown as security. In 1388, the [[County of Mark|Count of Mark]] joined forces with the Archbishop of [[Cologne]] and issued declarations of a feud against the town. Following a major siege lasting 18 months, peace negotiations took place and Dortmund emerged victorious. In 1400 the seat of the first Vehmic court ({{langx|de|Freistuhl}}) was in Dortmund, in a square between two [[linden tree]]s, one of which was known as the ''[[Gerichtslinde|Femelinde]]''. With the growing influence of [[Cologne]] during the 15th century, the seat was moved to [[Arnsberg]] in 1437. After Cologne was excluded after the [[Anglo-Hanseatic War]] (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. This favors the founding of one of the oldest schools in Europe in 1543 – {{Interlanguage link|Stadtgymnasium Dortmund|de}}.{{sfn|Ring|1995}} In [[List of earthquakes in Germany|1661 an earthquake]] made the [[Reinoldikirche]] collapse.