Editing Doge of Venice (section)

===Post-1204===
The next major change in the dogal title came with the [[Fourth Crusade]], which conquered the Byzantine Empire (1204). The Byzantine honorific {{Transliteration|el|protosebastos}} had by this time been dropped and was replaced by a reference to Venice's allotment in the [[Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae|partitioning of the Byzantine Empire]]. The new full title was 'By the grace of God duke of the Venices, Dalmatia and Croatia and lord of a fourth part and a half [three eighths] of the whole Empire of Romania' ({{lang|la|Dei gratia dux Venecie}} [or {{lang|la|Venetiarum}}] {{lang|la|Dalmatiae atque Chroatiae, dominus}} [or {{lang|la|dominator}}] {{lang|la|quartae partis et dimidie totius imperii Romaniae}}).{{sfn|Marin|2004|pp=119, 146}}

Although traditionally ascribed by later medieval chroniclers to Doge Enrico Dandolo, who led the Venetians during the Fourth Crusade, and hence known as the ''arma Dandola'',{{sfn|Marin|2004|pp=127–138}} in reality the title of 'lord of a fourth part and a half of the Empire of Romania' was first claimed by the ambitious Venetian [[Podestà of Constantinople|''podestà'' of Constantinople]], Marino Zeno, in his capacity as the Doge's representative in the 'Empire of Romania', and it was only subsequently adopted as part of the dogal title by Doge [[Pietro Ziani]].{{sfn|Marin|2004|pp=120–121, 126–127, 146}}

The Greek chronicler [[George Akropolites]] used the term {{Transliteration|el|despotes}} to translate {{lang|la|dominus}}, 'lord', which has led to some confusion with the Byzantine court title of [[despot (court title)|despot]]. The latter title was never claimed by the doges, but was sometimes used by the Venetian ''podestàs'' of Constantinople in their capacity as the doge's representatives.{{sfn|Marin|2004|pp=123–126}}

The title of 'lord of a fourth part and a half of the whole Empire of Romania' was used in official titulature thereafter, with the exception, after the [[Reconquest of Constantinople|re-establishment in 1261]] of the [[Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty]], of Venice's relations with the Byzantine emperors, when that part of the dogal titulature was substituted by 'and lord of the lands and islands subject to his dogate' ({{lang|la|dominus terrarum et insularum suo ducatui subiectarum}}) or similar formulations.{{sfn|Marin|2004|pp=146–147}}

In a similar manner, the disputes between Venice and Hungary over Dalmatia and Croatia led to the Kings of Hungary addressing the Doges of Venice without that part of their title, while in turn the Venetians tried to force the Hungarian kings to drop any title laying claim to the two provinces.{{sfn|Marin|2004|p=148}}

This dispute ended in the [[Treaty of Zadar]] of 1358, where Venice renounced its claims to Dalmatia; a special article in the treaty removed Dalmatia and Croatia from the doge's title. The resulting title was {{lang|la|Dux Veneciarum et cetera}}, 'Duke of the Venices and the rest'.{{sfn|Marin|2004|pp=148–149}} Even though Dalmatia would be regained by Venice in the early 15th century, the title was never modified, and remained in use until the [[Fall of the Republic of Venice|end of the Republic]].{{sfn|Marin|2004|p=149}} Even when the body of such documents was written in Italian, the title and dating clause were in Latin.<ref>[[Colin Macfarquhar]] and [[George Gleig]], eds., [https://books.google.com/books?id=CXpMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA164 "Ducal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829020639/https://books.google.com/books?id=CXpMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA164 |date=29 August 2021 }}, [[Encyclopædia Britannica Third Edition|''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 3rd ed.]], vol. 6, part 1 (Edinburg, 1797), p. 164.</ref>