Editing Dmitri Mendeleev (section)

==Other achievements==
[[File:Kramskoy Mendeleev 01.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait of Dmitri Mendeleev by [[Ivan Kramskoi]] (1878)]]
Mendeleev made other important contributions to science. The Russian chemist and science historian [[Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev|Lev Chugaev]] characterized him as<blockquote>
"a chemist of genius, first-class physicist, a fruitful researcher in the fields of hydrodynamics, meteorology, geology, certain branches of chemical technology (explosives, petroleum, and fuels, for example) and other disciplines adjacent to chemistry and physics, a thorough expert of chemical industry and industry in general, and an original thinker in the field of economy [...]"<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Чугаев
 |first1               = Лев Александрович
 |author-link1         = Lev Chugaev
 |year                 = 1988
 |orig-date            = 1924
 |title                = Dmitriĭ Ivanovich Mendeleev: Zhiznʹ i dei͡atelʹnostʹ
 |script-title         = ru:Дмитрий Иванович Менделеев: жизнь и деятельность
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=6KYgAQAAIAAJ
 |language             = ru
 |edition              = reprint
 |location             = Leningrad
 |publisher            = Nauchnoe khimiko-tekhnicheskoe izdatelʹstvo
 |page                 = 
 |access-date          = 23 August 2024
 |quote                = 
 |script-quote         = ru:Гениальный химик, первоклассный физик, плодотворный исследователь в области гидродинамики, метеорологии, геологии, в различных отделах химической технологии и других, сопредельных с химией и физикой дисциплинах, глубокий знаток химической промышленности и промышленности вообще, особенно русской, оригинальный мыслитель в области учения о народном хозяйстве, государственный ум, которому, к сожалению, не суждено было стать государственным человеком, но который видел и понимал задачи и будущность России лучше представителей нашей официальной власти.
}} 
</ref>
</blockquote>
Mendeleev was one of the founders, in 1868, of the {{ill|Russian Chemical Society|ru|Русское физико-химическое общество}}. He worked on the theory and practice of protectionist trade and on agriculture.

In an attempt at a chemical conception of the [[Aether (classical element)|aether]], he put forward a hypothesis that there existed two inert chemical elements of lesser atomic weight than [[hydrogen]].<ref name="EB1911" /> Of these two proposed elements, he thought the lighter to be an all-penetrating, all-pervasive gas, and the slightly heavier one to be a proposed element, ''[[coronium]]''.

Mendeleev devoted much study and made important contributions to the determination of the nature of such indefinite compounds as [[Solution (chemistry)|solution]]s.
[[File:Mendeleyev gold Barry Kent.JPG|thumb|upright|Mendeleev Medal]]

In another department of [[physical chemistry]], he investigated the expansion of liquids with heat, and devised a formula similar to [[Gay-Lussac's law]] of the uniformity of the expansion of gases, while in 1861 he anticipated [[Thomas Andrews (scientist)|Thomas Andrews]]' conception of the [[critical temperature]] of gases by defining the absolute boiling-point of a substance as the temperature at which cohesion and heat of vaporization become equal to zero and the liquid changes to vapor, irrespective of the pressure and volume.<ref name="EB1911" />

Mendeleev is given credit for the introduction of the [[metric system]] to the [[Russian Empire]].<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Rodgers
 |first1               = Glen E.
 |date                 = 3 December 2019
|title                = Traveling with the Atom: A Scientific Guide to Europe and Beyond
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=8kbCDwAAQBAJ
 |publisher            = Royal Society of Chemistry
 |page                 = 465
 |isbn                 = 9781788017022
 |access-date          = 23 August 2024
|quote                = Mendeleev is given credit for the introduction of the metric system to the russian empire.
}} 
</ref>

He invented ''[[pyrocollodion]]'', a kind of [[smokeless powder]] based on [[nitrocellulose]]. This work had been commissioned by the [[Imperial Russian Navy|Russian Navy]], which however did not adopt its use. In 1892 Mendeleev organized its manufacture.

Mendeleev studied the origins of petroleum; he concluded that hydrocarbons are abiogenic and form deep within the earth – see [[Abiogenic petroleum origin]].
He wrote: "The capital fact to note is that petroleum was born in the depths of the earth, and it is only there that we must seek its origin."<ref>Mendeleev, D., 1877. "L'Origine du pétrole". ''Revue Scientifique'', 2e Ser., VIII, pp. 409–416.</ref>