Editing Dictatorship (section)

=== Military<span class="anchor" id="Military dictatorship"></span> ===
{{main|Military dictatorship}}
[[File:Marines-march-on-Government-Building-Seoul 1962-05-17.jpg|thumb|Soldiers occupy [[Seoul]], South Korea as part of the [[May 16 coup]] that placed General [[Park Chung Hee]] in power.]]
[[File:President Suharto, 1993.jpg|180px|thumb|[[Suharto]], President of Indonesia from 1967 to 1998, ruled through a military-backed dictatorship marked by widespread human rights abuses and corruption.]]
Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy.{{sfn|Ezrow|Frantz|2011|p=20}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Friedrich|first=Carl|date=1950|title=Military Government and Dictatorship.|journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science|volume= 267|pages= 1–7|oclc=5723774494|doi=10.1177/000271625026700102|s2cid=146698274}}</ref> They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Danopoulos |first=Constantine P. |title=The Decline of Military Regimes: The Civilian Influence |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 |isbn=9780367291174 |editor-last=Danopoulos |editor-first=Constantine P. |pages=1–24 |chapter=Military Dictatorships in Retreat: Problems and Perspectives}}</ref>

Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but before large-scale military reforms. In [[Oligarchy|oligarchies]], the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an [[Oppression|oppressive]] force domestically.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Acemoglu |first1=Daron |last2=Ticchi |first2=Davide |last3=Vindigni |first3=Andrea |date=2010 |title=A Theory of Military Dictatorships |url=https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/mac.2.1.1 |journal=American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–42 |doi=10.1257/mac.2.1.1 |hdl=1721.1/61747 |issn=1945-7707|hdl-access=free }}</ref> Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place.{{sfn|Ezrow|Frantz|2011|pp=34–38}}

Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kim |first=Nam Kyu |title=Routledge Handbook of Illiberalism |publisher=Routledge |year=2021 |isbn=9780367260569 |editor-last=Sajó |editor-first=András |pages=571–581 |chapter=Illiberalism of Military Regimes |editor-last2=Uitz |editor-first2=Renáta |editor-last3=Holmes |editor-first3=Stephen}}</ref>