Editing Deixis (section)

=== Temporal ===
Temporal, or time, deixis is used to refer to time relevant to the utterance. This includes temporal [[adverbs]] (e.g. ''then'' and ''soon''), [[Noun|nouns]] (e.g. ''tomorrow'') and use of [[grammatical tense]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Horn |first1=Laurence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XlMPrAPo2-YC |title=Handbook of Pragmatics |last2=Ward |first2=Gergory |date=2004-02-23 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-631-22547-8 |language=en |chapter=Chapter five: Deixis}}</ref> Temporal deixis can be relative to the time when an utterance is made (the speaker’s "now") or the time when the utterance is heard or seen (the addressee’s "now").{{cn|date=June 2024}} Although these are often the same time, they can differ in cases such as a voice recording or written text. For example:

:It is raining ''now'', but I hope ''when'' you read this it will be sunny.

Tenses are usually separated into [[Relative and absolute tense|absolute (deictic) and relative tenses]]. For example, simple English past tense is absolute, such as "He ''went."'' whereas the [[pluperfect]] is relative to some other deictically specified time, as in "When I got home, he ''had gone''."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vandelanotte |first=Lieven |date=2004-03-01 |title=Deixis and grounding in speech and thought representation |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378216603001437 |journal=Journal of Pragmatics |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=489–520 |doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2003.10.003 |issn=0378-2166}}</ref>