Editing Dayak people (section)

===Kaharingan===
[[File:Panaturan.jpg|thumb|Panaturan scripture from 1992 edition.]]
In Indonesia, the Dayak indigenous religion has been given the name [[Kaharingan]] and may be said to be a form of [[animism]]. In 1945, during the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Japanese occupation]], the Japanese referred to Kaharingan as the religion of the Dayak people. During the [[New Order (Indonesia)|New Order]] in the [[Suharto]] regime in 1980, the Kaharingan is registered as a form of [[Hinduism in Indonesia]], as the Indonesian state prior to 2017<ref>{{Cite news |title=Putusan MK 'angin segar' dan 'memulihkan martabat' penghayat kepercayaan |url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-41886935 |access-date=2025-01-15 |work=BBC News Indonesia |language=id}}</ref> only recognised [[Religion in Indonesia#State-recognised religions|6 forms of religion]] i.e. Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism respectively. The integration of Kaharingan with Hinduism is not due to the similarities in the theological system, but because Kaharingan is the oldest belief in Kalimantan. Unlike the development in Indonesian Kalimantan, Kaharingan is not used as a religious designation in Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore, thus the traditional Dayak belief system is categorized as a form of folk animism or paganism outside of the Indonesian border.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baier |first=Martin |date=2007 |title=The Development of the Hindu Kaharingan Religion: A New Dayak Religion in Central Kalimantan |journal=Anthropos |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=566–570 |doi=10.5771/0257-9774-2007-2-566 |jstor=40389742}}</ref> After wider recognition of indigenous beliefs in Indonesia in 2017, Kaharingan has been sometimes included under the umbrella term [[Aliran Kepercayaan]], though some Kaharingan activists still demands further recognition as a separate religion outside of the umbrella term.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TRIWIBOWO |first=DIONISIUS REYNALDO |date=2021-06-02 |title=Penghayat Kaharingan Tetap Berjuang agar Diakui Negara |url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/dikbud/2021/06/02/penghayat-kaharingan-tetap-berjuang-agar-diakui-negara |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=kompas.id |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin 1 |date=2022-06-28 |title=Penganut Kaharingan Kini Tercatat Dalam Administrasi Kependudukan |url=https://abdipersadafm.co.id/2022/06/28/penganut-kaharingan-kini-tercatat-dalam-administrasi-kependudukan/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=LPPL Radio Abdi Persada 104,7 FM |language=id-ID}}</ref>

The practice of Kaharingan differs from group to group, but shamans, specialists in ecstatic flight to other spheres, are central to Dayak religion and serve to bring together the various realms of Heaven (Upper-world) and earth, and even Under-world, for example healing the sick by retrieving their souls which are journeying on their way to the Upper-world land of the dead, accompanying and protecting the soul of a dead person on the way to their proper place in the Upper-world, presiding over annual renewal and agricultural regeneration festivals, etc.<ref>The most detailed study of the shamanistic ritual at funerals is by Waldemar Stöhr, ''Der Totenkult der Ngadju Dajak in Süd-Borneo. Mythen zum Totenkult und die Texte zum Tantolak Matei'' (Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966).</ref> Death rituals are most elaborate when a noble (''kamang'') dies.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dowling |first=Nancy |date=1992 |title=The Javanization of Indian Art |journal=Indonesia |volume=54 |issue=54 |pages=117–138 |doi=10.2307/3351167 |jstor=3351167 |hdl-access=free |hdl=1813/53986}}</ref> Due to the institutionalization of Kaharingan beliefs in Indonesia, Kaharingan practices in Kalimantan have been recently codified and remolded into more organized religion, such as with codification of ''Panaturan'' as scripture of Kaharingan in 1971,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Etika |first1=Tiwi |last2=Schiller |first2=Anne |date=2022-05-01 |title=Kaharingan or Hindu KaharinganWhat's in a Name in Indonesian Borneo? |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/nr/article/25/4/64/168635/Kaharingan-or-Hindu-KaharinganWhat-s-in-a-Name-in |journal=Nova Religio |language=en |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=64–87 |doi=10.1525/nr.2022.25.4.64 |s2cid=248711574 |issn=1092-6690}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sutama |first1=Putu |last2=Arina Luardini |first2=Maria |last3=Asi |first3=Natalina |date=2020-02-19 |title=The Religious Text 'Panaturan' of the Dayak Ngaju Community |journal=KnE Social Sciences |doi=10.18502/kss.v4i4.6489 |s2cid=212716036 |issn=2518-668X|doi-access=free }}</ref> creation of official Kaharingan body Hindu Kaharingan Religion Council (''Majelis Agama Hindu Kaharingan'') in 1980, and standarization of its house of worship buildings called ''Balai Basarah''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baier |first=Martin |date=2007 |title=The Development of the Hindu Kaharingan Religion. A New Dayak Religion in Central Kalimanta |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2007-2-566 |journal=Anthropos |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=566–570 |doi=10.5771/0257-9774-2007-2-566 |issn=0257-9774}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baier |first=Martin |date=January 2007 |title=The Development of a New Religion in Kalimantan, Central Borneo |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1683478x.2007.10552574 |journal=Asian Anthropology |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=169–182 |doi=10.1080/1683478x.2007.10552574 |s2cid=129770494 |issn=1683-478X}}</ref> However, not all adherents agree with the Hindu classification; a rival body called the Indonesian Kaharingan Religion Council (Majelis Agama Kaharingan Indonesia) was formed to assert Kaharingan as an independent religion, distinct from Hinduism.