Editing Darwin, Northern Territory (section)

===Early 20th century===
[[File:Smith-st-looking-towards-harbour (Darwin).jpg|thumb|Smith Street in the 1930s]]
The Northern Territory was initially settled and administered by [[South Australia]], until its transfer to the [[Australia|Commonwealth]] in 1911. In the same year, the city's official name changed from Palmerston to Darwin.<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/Northern-Territory/Darwin/2005/02/17/1108500201604.html/|title=Darwin|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=8 February 2004|location=Darwin, Australia|access-date=2 August 2010}}</ref>

[[File:Darwin 42.jpg|thumb|The Japanese [[Bombing of Darwin|bombings of Darwin]]]]
The period between 1911 and 1919 was filled with political turmoil, particularly with trade union unrest, which culminated on 17 December 1918. Led by [[Harold Nelson (Australian politician)|Harold Nelson]], some 1,000 demonstrators marched to [[Government House, Darwin|Government House]] at Liberty Square in Darwin, where they burnt an [[effigy]] of the [[Administrator of the Northern Territory]], [[John A. Gilruth|John Gilruth]], and demanded his resignation. The incident became known as the [[Darwin Rebellion]]. Their grievances were against the two main Northern Territory employers: [[Vestey Group|Vestey's Meatworks]] and the federal government. Both Gilruth and the Vestey company left Darwin soon afterward.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Hughes: timeline |url=https://www.naa.gov.au/explore-collection/australias-prime-ministers/william-hughes/timeline}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hitch |first=Georgia |orig-date=12 December 2017 |date=12 December 2018 |title=What was the Darwin Rebellion |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-12/curious-darwin-what-was-the-darwin-rebellion/9200424 |access-date=6 April 2024 |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref>

On 18 October 1918, during the [[Spanish flu pandemic]], the SS ''Mataram'' sailing from [[Singapore]] with infectious diseases arrived in Darwin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Swinden |first1=Greg |title=The Navy and the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic |journal=JMVH |date=October 2020 |volume=28 |issue=3 |url=https://jmvh.org/article/the-navy-and-the-1918-19-influenza-pandemic/ }}</ref>

In 1931, the 17 remaining patients from the [[leprosarium]] at [[Cossack, Western Australia]] were moved to Darwin, after it closed down. It was at a time when many Aboriginal people who were thought to have [[leprosy]] or other infectious diseases were sent to [[lock hospital]]s and leprosariums under the ''[[Aborigines Act 1905]]'',<ref name="Carr 2022"/><ref>{{cite web | title=Aborigines Act 1905 | website=Find & Connect  | url=https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/guide/wa/WE00406 | access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> which gave the [[Chief Protector of Aborigines]] powers to arrest and send any [[Indigenous Australian|Indigenous person]] suspected of having a range of diseases to one of these institutions.<ref name="Carr 2022">{{cite web | last=Carr | first=Cameron | title=Archaeologists investigate medical incarceration of Indigenous Australians in leprosariums  | website=ABC News| publisher= [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=10 July 2022 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-07-11/leprosariums-medically-incarcerated-indigenous-australians/101213394 | access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>

Around 10,000 Australian and other [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] troops arrived in Darwin at the outset of World War II to defend Australia's northern coast. On 19 February 1942 at 9:57{{nbsp}}am, 188 [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] warplanes [[Bombing of Darwin|attacked Darwin]] in two waves.<ref>{{cite Q |Q131293822 |chapter=2/19/42 Fifth AF |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/AFD-100525-035/page/n10 |access-date=2024-11-30 |mode=cs1}}</ref> It was the same fleet that had bombed [[Pearl Harbor]], though considerably more bombs were dropped on Darwin than on Pearl Harbor. The attack killed at least 243 people and caused immense damage to the town, airfields, and aircraft. These were by far the most serious attacks on Australia in time of war, in terms of fatalities and damage. They were the first of [[Air raids on Australia, 1942–43|many raids]] on Darwin.<ref>{{cite Q |Q131294615 |page=127 |access-date=2024-11-30 |mode=cs1}}</ref>

[[Chinatown, Darwin|Darwin Chinatown]] which lay within the heart of Darwin was razed to the ground by the Japanese bombing and was never rebuilt. Northern Territory administrator [[Aubrey Abbott]] wanted to eliminate the Chinese community and forcibly seized their land as it was considered prime real estate.<!-- The statement about Sydney and Newcastle was wrong; there were about 100 air raids, including one on Broome which killed more than 80 people. -->

Darwin was further developed after the war, with sealed roads constructed connecting the region to [[Alice Springs]] to the south and [[Mount Isa]] to the southeast, and [[Manton Dam]] built in the south to provide the city with water. On [[Australia Day]] (26 January) 1959, Darwin was granted city status.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australiadaynt.com.au/fun/quiz/quiz2004.html |title=Australia Day (Darwin) |access-date=11 February 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211065041/http://www.australiadaynt.com.au/fun/quiz/quiz2004.html |archive-date=11 February 2006  }}</ref>