Editing Czechs (section)

== Notable people ==
[[File:Map of Czech language.svg|thumb|Areas where [[Czech language]] is spoken]]
{{See also|List of Czechs}}

=== Historical figures ===
The last five Přemyslids were kings: [[Ottokar I of Bohemia]], [[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia]], [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]], [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia]] and [[Wenceslaus III of Bohemia]]. The most successful and influential of all Czech kings was [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]], who also became the [[Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myczechrepublic.com/czech-history/king-charles-IV.html|title=Charles IV (Karel IV.) – Czech king and Holy Roman Emperor|website=Myczechrepublic.com|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402073527/http://www.myczechrepublic.com/czech-history/king-charles-IV.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Luxembourg dynasty]] represents the heights of Czech (Bohemian) statehood territorial and influence as well as advancement in many areas of human endeavors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.travel.cz/guide/263/index_en.html|title=Travel guide – Luxembourg dynasty (1310–1378) – accommodation in hotels and apartments – Travel.cz|website=Travel.cz|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=5 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105034105/http://www.travel.cz/guide/263/index_en.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Many people are considered national heroes and cultural icons, many national stories concern their lives. [[Jan Hus]] was a religious reformist from the 15th century and spiritual father of the [[Hussite]] Movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.kenyon.edu/projects/margin/hus2.htm|title=Jan Hus|website=2.kenyon.edu|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=23 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523180117/http://www2.kenyon.edu/projects/margin/hus2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jan Žižka]] and [[Prokop the Great]] were leaders of hussite army, [[George of Poděbrady]] was a hussite king. [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]] was a notable military leader during the Thirty Years' War. The ''teacher of nations'' [[John Amos Comenius|Jan Amos Komenský]] is also considered a notable figure in Czech history.<ref>[http://www.apuritansmind.com/ChristianWalk/McMahonComenius.htm Jan Amos Comenius<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115005439/http://www.apuritansmind.com/ChristianWalk/McMahonComenius.htm |date=15 January 2008 }}</ref> [[Joseph Radetzky von Radetz]] was an Austrian general staff during the later period of the Napoleonic Wars. [[Josef Jungmann]] is often credited for expanding the modern Czech language, and preventing its extinction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vitejte.cz/objekt.php?oid=4378&j=en |title = VITEJTE.CZ : Josef Jungmann (1773-1847), Josef Jungmann (1773-1847), Jo… |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070801121954/http://www.vitejte.cz/objekt.php?oid=4378&j=en |archive-date=1 August 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The most famous Czech historian was [[František Palacký]], often-called "father of nation".

=== Modern politicians ===
One of the most notable figures are founders of Czechoslovakia, modern state of independence of Czech and Slovak nations, Presidents [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]] and [[Edvard Beneš]], who was also leader of exile government in [[World War II]]. [[Ludvík Svoboda]] was a head of the Czechoslovak military units on the Eastern Front during the World War II (later president of [[Czechoslovakia]]). The key figures of the Communist regime were [[Klement Gottwald]], [[Antonín Zápotocký]], [[Antonín Novotný]] (and Slovak [[Gustáv Husák]]), the most famous victims of this regime were [[Milada Horáková]] and [[Rudolf Slánský]]. [[Jan Palach]] committed self-immolation as a political protest against the end of the [[Prague Spring]] resulting from the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by the [[Warsaw Pact]] armies.

Another notable politician after the fall of the communist regime is [[Václav Havel]], last President of Czechoslovakia and first [[List of presidents of the Czech Republic|President of the Czech Republic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/vhavel.htm |title=Václav Havel |website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library |location=Finland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104053608/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/vhavel.htm |archive-date=4 January 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The first directly elected president is [[Miloš Zeman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/article/36022|title=VACLAV HAVEL|website=Radio.cz|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=24 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624031536/http://www.radio.cz/en/article/36022|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Czech Republic has had multiple [[List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic|Prime Ministers]] the first of which was latter Presidents [[Václav Klaus]] and [[Miloš Zeman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vlada.cz/cz/clenove-vlady/historie-minulych-vlad/rejstrik-predsedu-vlad/default.htm|title=Rejstřík předsedů vlád|website=Vlada.cz|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619000424/http://www.vlada.cz/cz/clenove-vlady/historie-minulych-vlad/rejstrik-predsedu-vlad/default.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Another Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic were conservative politicians such as [[Mirek Topolánek]], [[Petr Nečas]] and social democratic such as [[Vladimír Špidla]], [[Jiří Paroubek]], [[Bohuslav Sobotka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/article/29360|title=Radio Prague – Milos Zeman – outgoing prime minister|website=Radio.cz|date=19 June 2002|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=26 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126093023/http://www.radio.cz/en/article/29360|url-status=live}}</ref>

Diplomat [[Madeleine Albright]] was of Czech origin and spoke Czech. Other well-known Czech diplomats were [[Jan Masaryk]] or [[Jiří Dienstbier]].

=== Science ===
Czechs established themselves mainly in Biology, Chemistry, Philology and Egyptology.
* Chemistry – [[Jaroslav Heyrovský]] (Nobel Prize 1959), [[Otto Wichterle]], [[Zdenko Hans Skraup]], [[Antonín Holý]]
* Biology – [[Johann Gregor Mendel]], [[Jan Evangelista Purkyně]], [[Carl Borivoj Presl]], [[Jan Svatopluk Presl]], [[Karel Domin]], [[Kaspar Maria von Sternberg]], [[Friedrich von Berchtold]], [[Ferdinand Stoliczka]], [[Wenceslas Bojer]], [[Alberto Vojtěch Frič]], [[August Carl Joseph Corda]]
* Mathematics – [[Bernard Bolzano]], [[Eduard Čech]], [[Miroslav Katětov]], [[Petr Vopěnka]], [[Václav Chvátal]], [[Otakar Borůvka]], [[Vojtěch Jarník]], [[Kurt Gödel]]
* Physics and engineering – [[Ignaz von Born]], [[František Běhounek]], [[Jan Marek Marci]], [[Josef Ressel]], [[František Křižík]], [[Vincenc Strouhal]], [[Prokop Diviš]], [[František Josef Gerstner]], [[Ernst Mach]]
* Astronomy – [[Antonín Mrkos]], [[Antonín Bečvář]]
* Astronautics – [[Vladimír Remek]]
* Philology – [[Bedřich Hrozný]], [[Josef Dobrovský]], [[Josef Jungmann]], [[Vilém Mathesius]], [[Julius Pokorny]], [[René Wellek]], [[Jan Mukařovský]]
* Medicine – [[Carl von Rokitansky]], [[Joseph Škoda]], [[Jan Janský]]
* Archeology – [[Pavel Pavel]], [[Lubor Niederle]], [[Karel Absolon]], [[Miroslav Verner]]
* Anthropology and ethnography – [[Aleš Hrdlička]], [[Emil Holub]], [[Alois Musil]]
* History – [[František Palacký]], [[Bohuslav Balbín]], [[Konstantin Jireček]], [[Max Dvořák]], [[Miroslav Hroch]]
* Philosophy – [[Edmund Husserl]],  [[Jan Patočka]], [[Karel Kosík]], [[Egon Bondy]], [[Ladislav Klíma]]
* Psychology – [[Max Wertheimer]],  [[Stanislav Grof]], [[Sigmund Freud]]
* Theology – [[Jan Hus]], [[Jerome of Prague]], [[Petr Chelčický]], [[Jan Rokycana]], [[Tomáš Špidlík]], [[Tomáš Halík]]
* Modern occultism – [[Franz Bardon]]
* Pedagogy – [[Jan Amos Komenský]]
* Folklorists – [[František Ladislav Čelakovský]], [[Karel Jaromír Erben]]
* Literary theory – [[Karel Teige]], [[Pavel Janáček]]

=== Sports ===
Sports have also been a contributor to famous Czechs especially [[tennis]], [[Association football|football]], [[ice hockey|hockey]], and [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]]:
* Tennis – [[Jaroslav Drobný]], [[Jan Kodeš]], [[Martina Navratilova|Martina Navrátilová]], [[Ivan Lendl]], [[Hana Mandlíková]], [[Jana Novotná]], [[Helena Suková]], [[Petr Korda]], [[Petra Kvitová]],<ref name="Czechsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.czechsite.com/czechs.html|title=CzechSite: Famous Czechs|website=Czechsite.com|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111175251/http://czechsite.com/czechs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tomáš Berdych]], [[Karolína Plíšková]], [[Barbora Krejčíková]]
* Football – [[Oldřich Nejedlý]], [[Antonín Puč]], [[František Plánička]], [[Josef Bican]], [[Josef Masopust]], [[Ivo Viktor]], [[Antonín Panenka]], [[Zdeněk Nehoda]], [[Tomáš Skuhravý]], [[Pavel Nedvěd]], [[Karel Poborský]], [[Jan Koller]], [[Milan Baroš]], [[Marek Jankulovski]], [[Vladimír Šmicer]], [[Tomáš Rosický]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/article/92571|title=Radio Prague – Antonin Panenka – the footballer Pele described as "either a genius or a madman"|website=Radio.cz|date=20 June 2007|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=11 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811005118/http://www.radio.cz/en/article/92571|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last = Josef
| first = Ladislav
| title = Masopust's memory lingers on
| url = http://www.uefa.com/uefa/history/associationweeks/association=58837/newsId=144731.html
| access-date = 1 February 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071222171333/http://www.uefa.com/uefa/history/associationweeks/association%3D58837/newsId%3D144731.html
| archive-date = 22 December 2007
| url-status = dead
| df = dmy-all
}}</ref> [[Petr Čech]]
* Hockey – [[Jaromír Jágr]], [[Dominik Hašek]], [[Vladimír Růžička]], [[Jiří Šlégr]], [[Ivan Hlinka]], [[Jiří Holeček]], [[Jaroslav Pouzar]], [[Jiří Hrdina]], [[Petr Sýkora]], [[Patrik Eliáš]], [[Bobby Holík]], [[Michal Rozsíval]], [[Milan Hejduk]], [[Petr Nedvěd]], [[Martin Straka]], [[Václav Prospal]], [[Jakub Voráček]], [[Tomáš Plekanec]], [[František Kaberle]], [[David Výborný]], [[Pavel Patera]], [[Martin Procházka]], [[David Krejčí]], [[David Pastrňák]], [[Filip Chytil]]
* Athletics – [[Emil Zátopek]], [[Dana Zátopková]], [[Jarmila Kratochvílová]], [[Roman Šebrle]], [[Jan Železný]], [[Barbora Špotáková]]
* Gymnastics – [[Věra Čáslavská]], [[Eva Bosáková]], [[Vlasta Děkanová]], [[Hana Říčná]], [[Věra Černá]]
* Chess – [[Wilhelm Steinitz]], [[Vera Menchik|Věra Menčíková]], [[Richard Réti]], [[Salo Flohr]], [[David Navara]]
* Others –  [[Martina Sáblíková]], [[Martin Doktor]], [[Štěpánka Hilgertová]], [[Josef Holeček (canoeist)|Josef Holeček]], [[Kateřina Neumannová]], [[Filip Jícha]], [[Jiří Zídek Sr.]], [[Jan Veselý]], [[Ester Ledecká]]

=== The arts ===
==== Music ====
[[File:Dvorak Bedrich Smetana and friends in 1865.jpg|thumb|''[[Bedřich Smetana]] Among his Friends'', 1865; oil painting by [[František Dvořák (painter)|František Dvořák]]]]
[[Czech music]] had its first significant pieces created in the 11th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eu2009.cz/en/czech-republic/music/history/history-of-czech-music-2374|title=EU2009.cz – History of Czech Music|website=Eu2009.cz|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715004439/http://www.eu2009.cz/en/czech-republic/music/history/history-of-czech-music-2374/|url-status=live}}</ref> The great progress of Czech artificial music began with the end of the [[Renaissance]] and the early [[Baroque era]], concretely in works of [[Adam Václav Michna z Otradovic]], where the specific character of Czech music was rising up by using the influence of genuine [[traditional music|folk music]]. This tradition determined the development of Czech music and has remained the main sign in the works of great Czech composers of almost all eras – [[Jan Dismas Zelenka]] and [[Josef Mysliveček]] in [[Baroque (music)|Baroque]], [[Bedřich Smetana]] and [[Antonín Dvořák]] in [[Romanticism (music)|Romanticism]], [[Leoš Janáček]], [[Bohuslav Martinů]] and [[Josef Suk (composer)|Josef Suk]] in [[modern classical]] or [[Petr Eben]] and [[Miloslav Kabeláč]] in [[contemporary classical music]].

Czech musicians also played an important role in the development of European music. [[Johann Stamitz|Jan Václav Antonín Stamic]] in 18th-century contributed to the creation of [[Classicism]] in music<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.czechmusic.net/klasika/stamic_jv.htm|title=Jan Václav Stamic|website=Czechmusic.net|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=13 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313035536/http://www.czechmusic.net/klasika/stamic_jv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> by innovations of compositional forms and the founding of the [[Mannheim school]]. Similarly, [[Anton Reicha|Antonín Rejcha]]'s experiments prefigured new compositional techniques in the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/reicha.php|title=Classical Net – Basic Repertoire List – Reicha|website=Classical.net|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221024402/http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/reicha.php|url-status=live}}</ref> The influence of Czech musicians expanded beyond the borders of the [[Europe]]an continent, when [[Antonín Dvořák]] created a new [[United States|American]] classical music style, using the richness of ethnic music of that country during his mission in the [[US]]. The contribution of [[Alois Hába]] to [[microtonal music]] in the 20th century must be also mentioned.

Czech music reached as far as [[Qing China]]. [[Karel Slavíček]] was a [[Jesuit]] missionary, scientist and [[sinologist]] who was introduced to the [[Kangxi Emperor]] on 3 February 1717, in [[Beijing]]. The emperor favored him and employed him as court musician. (Slavíček was a [[Spinet]] player).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinsky.cz/index.php?page=clanek&id=480&lang=cs|title=Český jezuita na čínském dvoře|date=26 February 2009|access-date=6 February 2011|work=cinsky.cz|archive-date=29 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029171429/http://www.cinsky.cz/index.php?page=clanek&id=480&lang=cs|url-status=live}}</ref>

Some notable modern Czech musicians are US-based composer and guitarist [[Ivan Král]], musician and composer [[Jan Hammer]] and the rock band [[The Plastic People of the Universe]] which played an important part in the [[Prague underground (culture)|underground]] movement during the communist regime.

The Czech Republic first entered the [[Eurovision Song Contest]] in [[Eurovision Song Contest 2007|2007]]. Czech performer qualified for the grand final for the first time in [[Eurovision Song Contest 2016|2016]] when singer [[Gabriela Gunčíková]] finished in 25th place. In [[Eurovision Song Contest 2018|2018]] the singer [[Mikolas Josef]] reached the 6th place in the contest being the best result of the Czech Republic until today.

Other important names: [[Franz Benda]], [[Rafael Kubelík]], [[Jan Ladislav Dussek]], [[Vítězslav Novák]], [[Zdeněk Fibich]], [[Jan Kubelík]], [[Jiří Antonín Benda]], [[Julius Fučík (composer)|Julius Fučík]], [[Karel Svoboda (composer)|Karel Svoboda]], [[Karel Kryl]], [[Václav Neumann]], [[Václav Talich]], [[František Xaver Richter]], [[Jan Křtitel Vaňhal]], [[Vojtěch Živný]], [[Josef Bohuslav Foerster]], [[Magdalena Kožená]], [[Karel Ančerl]], [[Ema Destinnová]], [[Maria Jeritza]], [[František Xaver Brixi]], [[Jiří Bělohlávek]], [[Oskar Nedbal]], [[Karel Gott]].<ref>{{cite web
| title = Karel Gott
| url = http://www.czech.cz/en/czech-republic/history/famous-czechs-of-the-past-century/karel-gott/
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic
| access-date = 1 February 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080101232540/http://www.czech.cz/en/czech-republic/history/famous-czechs-of-the-past-century/karel-gott/ |archive-date = 1 January 2008}}</ref>

==== Literature ====
[[Jaroslav Seifert]] was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] for his poetry.<ref name="Czechsite" /> [[Božena Němcová]] has become a cultural icon and gained much fame for her book ''Babička ([[The Grandmother]])''.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Partridge
| first = James
| title = Book Review: The Grandmother
| url = http://www.ce-review.org/99/7/books7_partridge.html
| publisher = Central Europe Review
| access-date = 10 February 2008
| archive-date = 23 September 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201638/http://www.ce-review.org/99/7/books7_partridge.html
| url-status = usurped
}}</ref>
Other important Czech writers include [[Milan Kundera]], [[Karel Čapek]], [[Jaroslav Hašek]], [[Jan Neruda]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[Bohumil Hrabal]], [[Viktor Dyk]], [[Cosmas of Prague|Kosmas]], [[Pavel Kohout]], [[Alois Jirásek]], [[Josef Škvorecký]], [[Karel Jaromír Erben]], [[Jiří Wolker]], [[Karel Hynek Mácha]], [[Vítězslav Nezval]], [[Arnošt Lustig]], [[Jaroslav Vrchlický]], [[Karel Havlíček Borovský]], [[Ivan Klíma]], [[Egon Erwin Kisch]], [[Vladimír Holan]], [[Julius Zeyer]] or [[Svatopluk Čech]]. From contemporary Czech writers can be mentioned [[Jáchym Topol]], [[Patrik Ouředník]], [[Michal Viewegh]] or [[Daniela Hodrová]]. Important playwrights were Karel Čapek, [[František Langer]] or [[Josef Kajetán Tyl]]. Strong was also the theatrical avant-garde ([[Jan Werich]], [[Jiří Voskovec]], [[Emil František Burian]]). Known journalists were [[Julius Fučík (journalist)|Julius Fučík]], [[Milena Jesenská]] or [[Ferdinand Peroutka]].

==== Visual arts ====
[[File:Slovane v pravlasti 81x61m.jpg|thumb|[[The Slav Epic]] by [[Alfons Mucha]]]][[Mikoláš Aleš]] was a painter, known for redesigning the [[Prague National Theatre|Prague National Theater]].<ref>{{cite web
| last = Tyman
| first = Jaroslav
| title = Mikoláš Aleš
| url = http://www.mikolasales.org/
| access-date = 11 February 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090714224125/http://www.mikolasales.org/
| archive-date = 14 July 2009
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> [[Alphonse Mucha]] was an influential artist in the [[Art Nouveau]] movement of the [[Edwardian Era|Edwardian]] period. [[František Kupka]] was a pioneer and co-founder of the [[abstract art]] movement. Other well-known painters are [[Josef Čapek]], [[Josef Lada]], [[Theodoric of Prague]], [[Wenceslaus Hollar]], [[Toyen]], [[Jan Kupecký]], [[Petr Brandl]], [[Vladimír Vašíček]], [[Václav Brožík]], [[Josef Mánes]], [[Karel Škréta]] or [[Max Švabinský]]. Renowned sculptors were [[Josef Václav Myslbek]] or [[Matyáš Bernard Braun]], photographers [[Jan Saudek]], [[Josef Sudek]], [[František Drtikol]] or [[Josef Koudelka]], illustrators [[Zdeněk Burian]] or [[Adolf Born]], architects [[Jan Kotěra]] or [[Josef Gočár]]. [[Jiří Kylián]] was an important ballet choreographer.

==== Film ====
Film director [[Miloš Forman]], known best for his movie, ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' is of Czech origin and started his career in Czechoslovakia.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Erickson
| first = Hal
| title = Milos Forman, biography
| url = http://www.milosforman.com/bio.html
| website = Allmovie
| access-date = 10 February 2008
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080223003850/http://www.milosforman.com/bio.html
| archive-date = 23 February 2008
| df = dmy-all
}}</ref> Forman was a member of the so-called [[Czech New Wave]]. Other members included [[Jiří Menzel]] ([[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Oscar]] 1967), [[Ivan Passer]], [[Věra Chytilová]] and [[Elmar Klos]] (Oscar 1965). Also the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film was awarded to [[Jan Svěrák]] (1996). The influential [[surrealist]] filmmaker and animator [[Jan Švankmajer]] was born in [[Prague]] and has resided in the Czech Republic throughout his life. In the field of animation and puppet film famous people include [[Zdeněk Miler]], [[Karel Zeman]] and [[Jiří Trnka]].

Actors [[Zdeněk Svěrák]], [[Vlastimil Brodský]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldpress.org/Europe/566.cfm|title=Vlastimil Brodsky – Czech Film|website=Worldpress.org|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105030/http://www.worldpress.org/Europe/566.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Vladimír Menšík]],<ref>{{cite web
| title = Czech-Slovak film Database, Vladimír Menšík
| url = http://www.csfd.cz/herec/1548-mensik-vladimir/
| publisher = POMO Media Group
| access-date = 11 February 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080103080157/http://www.csfd.cz/herec/1548-mensik-vladimir/
| archive-date = 3 January 2008
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> [[Libuše Šafránková]] or [[Karel Roden]] have also made a mark in modern Czech history. The most successful Czech erotic actress is [[Silvia Saint]].

==== Modeling ====
The first Czech models have made a breakthrough in the international modeling were [[Paulina Porizkova]] or [[Ivana Trump]]. After the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia many other models succeeded: [[Karolína Kurková]], [[Eva Herzigová]], [[Taťána Kuchařová]], [[Petra Němcová]] and [[Daniela Peštová]].

=== Saints ===
[[File:St. John of Nepomuk in Divina.jpg|thumb|upright|[[John of Nepomuk|St. John of Nepomuk (Jan Nepomucký)]]]]
Czech culture involves many saints,<ref>{{cite book
| last = Maurice
| first = Edmund
| title = The story of Bohemia from the earliest times to the fall of national independence in 1620;: With a short summary of later events
| year = 1908
| publisher = Fisher, Unwin }}</ref> most notably [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia|St. Wenceslaus (Václav)]], patron of the Czech nation,<ref>{{cite web
| last = Mershman
| first = Francis
| title = St. Wenceslaus
| url = http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15587b.htm
| publisher = Kevin Knight
| access-date = 10 February 2008
| archive-date = 29 September 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220929195555/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15587b.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref> [[John of Nepomuk|St. John of Nepomuk (Jan Nepomucký)]],<ref>{{cite web
| last = Krčmář
| first = Luděk
| title = St. John of Nepomuk – life
| url = http://www.sjn.cz/eng/st_john.htm
| publisher = MultiMedia Activity
| access-date = 10 February 2008
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929094235/http://www.sjn.cz/eng/st_john.htm
| archive-date = 29 September 2007
| df = dmy-all
}}</ref> [[Adalbert of Prague|St. Adalbert (Vojtěch)]],<ref>Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Saints''. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. {{ISBN|0-14-051312-4}}.</ref> [[Procopius of Sázava|Saint Procopius]] or [[Agnes of Bohemia|St. Agnes of Bohemia (Anežka Česká)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blessed-gerard.org/redstar.htm|title=Order of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star|website=Blessed-gerard.org|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235738/http://blessed-gerard.org/redstar.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Although not a Christian, rabbi [[Judah Loew ben Bezalel]] of Prague, a 16th Century scholar and one of the most influential figures of Jewish history, is considered to be part of the country's religious legacy as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/panorama/rabbi-loew-the-jewish-hero-of-the-czechs|title=Rabbi Loew, the Jewish hero of the Czechs – Radio Prague|website=Radio.cz|date=13 August 2009|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507052122/http://www.radio.cz/en/section/panorama/rabbi-loew-the-jewish-hero-of-the-czechs|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/11/world/europe/11golem.html|title=Hard Times Give New Life to Prague's Golem|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 May 2009|access-date=23 January 2018|last1=Bilefsky|first1=Dan|archive-date=9 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509123841/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/11/world/europe/11golem.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Natives ===
The modern Czech nation was formed through the process of the [[Czech national revival]]. Through this was created the linguistic concept of the Czech nation (particularly promoted by Jungmann), i.e. "a Czech=one who has the [[Czech language]] as their first language; naturally or by choice" (that is why [[Slovaks]] who have chosen Czech as their literary language, such as [[Ján Kollár]] or [[Pavel Jozef Šafařík]], are often considered to be Czechs). Like other nations, Czechs also speak of two alternative concepts: the landed concept (a Czech is someone who was born in the historic Czech territory), which in Jungmann's time primarily denoted [[Czech nobility|nobility]], and the ethnic concept. Definition by territory is still discussed alternative,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blisty.cz/art/44512.html|title=Co je češství|website=blisty.cz|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202050049/http://blisty.cz/art/44512.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cs-magazin.com/index.php?a=a2011121kdo|title=CS Magazin|website=Cs-magazin.com|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053319/http://www.cs-magazin.com/index.php?a=a2011121kdo|url-status=live}}</ref> from time to time is indicated for Czechs number of natives (speaking mostly German, English or otherwise) – these include US Secretary of State [[Madeleine Albright]], film director [[Karel Reisz]], actor [[Herbert Lom]], the founder of psychoanalysis [[Sigmund Freud]], the founder of genetics [[Gregor Mendel]], logician and mathematician [[Kurt Gödel]], the philosopher [[Edmund Husserl]], scientists [[Gerty Cori]], [[Carl Cori]] and [[Peter Grünberg]] (all Nobel Prize winners) and [[Ernst Mach]], economists [[Joseph Schumpeter]] and [[Eugen Böhm von Bawerk]], philosophers [[Bernard Bolzano]], [[Ernest Gellner]], [[Vilém Flusser]] and [[Herbert Feigl]], Marxist theoretician [[Karl Kautsky]], astronomer [[Johann Palisa]], legal theorist [[Hans Kelsen]], inventors [[Alois Senefelder]] and [[Viktor Kaplan]], automotive designer [[Ferdinand Porsche]], psychologist [[Max Wertheimer]], a geologist [[Karl von Terzaghi]], musicologists [[Eduard Hanslick]] and [[Guido Adler]], chemist [[Johann Josef Loschmidt]], biologists [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott]] and [[Georg Joseph Kamel]], the founder of the dermatology [[Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra]], peace activist [[Bertha von Suttner]] (Nobel Peace Prize), the composers [[Gustav Mahler]], [[Heinrich Biber]], [[Viktor Ullmann]], [[Ervin Schulhoff]], [[Pavel Haas]], [[Erich Wolfgang Korngold]] and [[Ralph Benatzky]], writers [[Franz Kafka]], [[Reiner Maria Rilke]], [[Max Brod]], [[Karl Kraus (writer)|Karl Kraus]], [[Franz Werfel]], [[Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach]], [[Leo Perutz]], [[Tom Stoppard]] and [[Egon Erwin Kisch]], painters [[Anton Raphael Mengs]] and [[Emil Orlik]], architects [[Adolf Loos]], [[Peter Parler]], [[Josef Hoffmann]], [[Jan Santini Aichel]] and [[Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer]], cellist [[David Popper]], violist [[Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst]], pianists [[Alice Herz-Sommer]] and [[Rudolf Serkin]], president of Austria [[Karl Renner]], Prime Minister of Poland [[Jerzy Buzek]],  industrialist [[Oskar Schindler]], or chess player [[Wilhelm Steinitz]].

=== Czech ancestry ===
People with Czech ancestry include the astronauts [[Eugene Cernan]] and [[Jim Lovell]], film directors [[Chris Columbus (filmmaker)|Chris Columbus]] and [[Jim Jarmusch]], swimmer [[Katie Ledecky]], politicians [[John Forbes Kerry]] and [[Caspar Weinberger]], chemist and Nobel Prize laureate [[Thomas Cech]], physicist [[Karl Guthe Jansky]], economist [[Friedrich Hayek]], painters [[Jan Matejko]], [[Gustav Klimt]], [[Egon Schiele]] and [[Oskar Kokoschka]], actors [[Ashton Kutcher]], [[Sissy Spacek]] and [[Kim Novak]], tennis players [[Richard Krajicek]], [[Jakob Hlasek]] and [[Stan Wawrinka]], singer [[Jason Mraz]], Brazil president [[Juscelino Kubitschek]], founder of [[McDonald's]] company [[Ray Kroc]], writers [[Georg Trakl]] and [[Robert Musil]], mayor of Chicago [[Anton Cermak]] and [[Ivanka Trump]] and her brother [[Donald Trump Jr.]]