Editing Crucifix (section)

=== Protestant Reformation ===
[[File:Wittenberg in winter 2005 47.jpg|left|thumb|300px|The [[Tympanum (architecture)|tympanum]] of ''Thesis Door'' at the [[All Saints' Church, Wittenberg|Castle Church in Wittenberg]] depicts [[Martin Luther]] and [[Philip Melanchthon]] kneeling in prayer, facing the crucified Christ.]]
In the [[Moravian Church]], [[Nicolaus Zinzendorf]] had an experience in which he believed he encountered Jesus.<ref name="Hubbard2019"/> Seeing a painting of a crucifix, Zinzendorf fell on his knees vowing to glorify Jesus after contemplating on the [[Five Holy Wounds|wounds of Christ]] and an inscription that stated "This is what I have done for you, what will you do for me?".<ref name="Hubbard2019">{{cite web |last1=Hubbard |first1=Jason |title=Story of the Moravians |url=http://lowpc.org/story-of-the-moravians/ |publisher=Light of the World Prayer Center |access-date=1 October 2020 |language=en |date=14 January 2019}}</ref>

The Lutheran Churches retained the use of the crucifix, "justifying their continued use of medieval crucifixes with the same arguments employed since the Middle Ages, as is evident from the example of the altar of the Holy Cross in the Cistercian church of Doberan."<ref name="UOTB2014"/><ref name="MarquardtJordan2009">{{cite book|last1=Marquardt|first1=Janet T.|last2=Jordan|first2=Alyce A.|title=Medieval Art and Architecture after the Middle Ages|date=14 January 2009|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|language=en|isbn=9781443803984|page=71}}</ref> [[Martin Luther]] did not object to them, and this was among his differences with [[Andreas Karlstadt]] as early as 1525. At the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], Luther retained the crucifix in the Lutheran Church and they remain the center of worship in Lutheran parishes across Europe.<ref name="LyonsO'Connor2010">{{cite book|last1=Lyons|first1=Mary Ann|last2=O'Connor|first2=Thomas|title=The Ulster Earls and Baroque Europe: Refashioning Irish Identities, 1600-1800|year=2010|publisher=Four Courts Press|language=en|page=172}}</ref> In the United States, however, Lutheranism came under the influence of Calvinism, and the plain cross came to be used in some churches, though many Lutheran churches continue to use the crucifix.<ref name="Mills2024">{{cite web |last1=Mills |first1=Jeremy H. |title=Why does a Lutheran Church have a Crucifix above the Altar? |url=https://epiphanylcms.org/why-does-a-lutheran-church-have-a-crucifix-above-the-altar/ |publisher=Epiphany LCMS |access-date=24 December 2024 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trinitycamphill.org/ArtsandMusic/Arts/ChristusRex/ChristusRex.htm |title=HOME |access-date=2 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801011650/http://www.trinitycamphill.org/ArtsandMusic/Arts/ChristusRex/ChristusRex.htm |archive-date=1 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 

In contrast to the practice of the Catholic Church, Moravian Church and Lutheran Churches, the early [[Reformed Church]]es rejected the use of the crucifix, and indeed the unadorned cross, along with other traditional religious imagery, as idolatrous.<ref name="ObelkevichRoper2013">{{cite book|last1=Obelkevich|first1=James|last2=Roper|first2=Lyndal|title=Disciplines of Faith: Studies in Religion, Politics and Patriarchy|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|language=en|isbn=9781136820793|page=548|quote=The Calvinizers sought to remove the crucifix as idolatrous. There was considerable continuity, certainly, between the Lutheran use of the crucifix and the Catholic.}}</ref> [[John Calvin|Calvin]], considered to be the father of the Reformed Church, was strongly opposed to both cross and crucifix.<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Calvin|title=Institutes of the Christian Religion|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.iii.xii.html?highlight=wood#highlight|access-date=12 November 2015|quote=Of what use, then, were the erection in churches of so many crosses of wood and stone, silver and gold,}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2024}} In England (where Anglican Christianity is the dominant faith), the Royal Chapels of [[Elizabeth I]] were most unusual among local churches in retaining crucifixes, following the Queen's conservative tastes. These disappeared under her successor, [[James VI and I|James I]], and their brief re-appearance in the early 1620s when James' heir was seeking a Spanish marriage was the subject of rumour and close observation by both Catholics and Protestants; when the match fell through they disappeared.<ref>Tyacke, Nicholas in Lake, Peter and Questier, Michael C.; ''Conformity and orthodoxy in the English church, c. 1560-1660'', Boydell & Brewer, 2000, {{ISBN|0-85115-797-1}}, {{ISBN|978-0-85115-797-9}}, pp. 29–32</ref>