Editing Criticisms of globalization (section)

== Political impacts ==
=== Globalization as American hegemony ===
English Philosopher [[John Gray (philosopher)|John Gray]] described globalization as post-Cold War American triumphalism, and stated "global laissez-faire is an American project".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gray |first=John |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/938814220 |title=False dawn : the delusions of global capitalism |date=1998 |publisher=New Press |isbn=978-1-4596-0321-9 |location=New York |oclc=938814220}}</ref> Gray points out that the American system of Globalization is past its prime and is no longer sustainable in the modern world. Globalization in the United States began with the common goal of forming a global collective that facilitates a steady stream of trade, internationalism, and collaboration in various sectors to promote peace and prosperity.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-29 |title=What Is Globalization? |url=https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=PIIE |language=en}}</ref> Some scholars and critics say the [[Washington Consensus]] played a role in solidifying the United States as one of the core nation-states at the heart of the system of global capitalism in the [[post-Cold War era]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Best |first=Steven |url=https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780739136973/The-Global-Industrial-Complex-Systems-of-Domination |title=The Global Industrial Complex: Systems of Domination |date=2011 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0739136980 |editor1=Steven Best |page=xxiii |chapter=Introduction: Pathologies of Power and the Rise of the Global Industrial Complex |editor2=Richard Kahn |editor3=Anthony J. Nocella II |editor4=Peter McLaren |editor4-link=Peter McLaren |author-link=Steven Best}}</ref>

Sanjib Baruah criticizes American-led globalism as tending to export American hegemony while only benefiting a small, English-speaking minority in developing countries at the expense of the broader population.<ref name=":04">{{Cite journal <!-- Deny Citation Bot-->
 |last=Baruah |first=Sanjib|journal=World Policy Journal |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=105-112  |date=2000 |title=Globalization – facing the inevitable? |id={{ProQuest|232589518}}}}</ref> On the other hand, United States President [[Donald Trump]], speaking to the [[United Nations|U.N.]] General Assembly, stated that he felt that America had lost its former high regard and had become a laughing stock on the world stage and that globalism had led to America bearing a disproportionate share of the costs of international initiatives.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title='We Reject Globalism.' President Trump Took 'America First' to the United Nations |url=https://time.com/5406130/we-reject-globalism-president-trump-took-america-first-to-the-united-nations/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref> According to a survey conducted by the [[Pew Research Center]], many Americans have a feeling of being forgotten or swept up by globalization and its lasting effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Silver |first1=Laura |last2=Schumacher |first2=Shannon |last3=Mordecai |first3=Mara |last4=Greenwood |first4=Shannon |last5=Keegan |first5=Michael |date=2020-10-05 |title=In U.S. and UK, Globalization Leaves Some Feeling 'Left Behind' or 'Swept Up' |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/05/in-u-s-and-uk-globalization-leaves-some-feeling-left-behind-or-swept-up/ |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project |language=en-US}}</ref> According to the survey, these feelings were brought on by the rising cost of living, culture shifts, industry decline, and the rising influence of multinational corporations.

=== Power of transnational corporations ===
Multinational corporations often benefit from globalization, while minority indigenous groups may be negatively affected or exploited. Minority groups within larger nations opting towards globalization may be threatened by the growing power of multinational corporations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Osland |first=Joyces |date=June 2003 |title=The Pros and Cons of Globalization |journal=Journal of Management Inquiry |volume=12 |pages=137–154 |doi=10.1177/1056492603012002005 |s2cid=14617240}}</ref> An example of this occurring is large [[palm oil]] companies receiving land to develop from the government that is occupied by the indigenous tribes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palm oil companies exploit land, abuse indigenous peoples' rights, says activist |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/fr/derni%C3%A8res-actualit%C3%A9s/palm-oil-companies-exploit-land-abuse-indigenous-peoples-rights-says-activist/ |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre |language=fr}}</ref> Globalization has been criticized for benefiting those who are already large and in power at the cost of endangering the countries’ indigenous population.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal <!-- Deny Citation Bot-->
 |last1=Friedrichs|first1=David O. |last2=Friedrichs|first2= Jessica|journal=Social Justice |volume=29 |issue=1/2 |pages=13-36 |date=2002 |title=The world bank and crimes of globalization |id={{ProQuest|231910154}}}}</ref> In the name of free markets and with the promise of an improved standard of living, local authorities give up some of their political and social powers to international organizations.<ref name=":04"/> Thus, globalization causes the greater empowerment of these international organizations and the diminishing influence of local state institutions.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite magazine <!-- Deny Citation Bot--> |last=Tabb |first=Willima K.|magazine=Monthly Review|volume=49 |issue=6 |pages=35-39 |date=November 1997 |title=Contextualizing Globalization: Comments on Du Boff and Herman |id={{ProQuest|213144638}}}}</ref>