Editing Crankshaft (section)

=== Cross-plane and flat-plane configurations ===
When designing an engine, the crankshaft configuration is closely related to the engine's [[firing order]].<ref>{{cite web |title=What's the best firing order? |url=https://www.enginelabs.com/engine-tech/engine/firing-order-swaps-whats-best-for-your-engine/ |website=EngineLabs |access-date=30 August 2022 |date=25 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Crankshaft Design Evolution |url=http://enginehistory.org/members/articles/CrankDesignEvol.shtml |website=enginehistory.org |access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref>

Most production V8 engines (such as the [[Ford Modular engine]] and the [[LS based GM small-block engine|General Motors LS engine]]) use a [[crossplane|cross-plane crank]] whereby the crank throws are spaced 90 degrees apart.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flat Plane Crankshafts vs. Crossplane Crankshafts |url=https://www.onallcylinders.com/2015/01/15/cross-plane-vs-flat-plane-crankshafts/ |website=OnAllCylinders |access-date=30 August 2022 |language=en |date=15 January 2015}}</ref> However, some high-performance V8 engines (such as the [[Ferrari 488]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Ferrari 488 Spider debuts in Frankfurt, is faster than Lamborghini's new drop-top in every way |url=https://www.autoweek.com/news/auto-shows/a1876761/ferrari-488-spider-drops-its-top-frankfurt-motor-show/ |website=Autoweek |access-date=30 August 2022 |date=15 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Ferrari 488 Spider: Losing the Roof Doesn't Compromise the Magic |url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/new-cars/first-drives/reviews/a27051/the-ferrari-488-spider-is-not-compromised-is-really-great/ |website=Road & Track |access-date=30 August 2022 |date=15 October 2015}}</ref> instead use a [[flat-plane crank]], whereby the throws are spaced 180° apart, which essentially results in two inline-four engines sharing a common crankcase. Flat-plane engines are usually able to operate at higher RPM, however they have higher second-order vibrations,<ref>{{cite web |title=Difference Between Cross-Plane and Flat-Plane Cranks |url=https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/difference-between-cross-plane-and-flat-plane-cranks/ |website=MotorTrend |access-date=30 August 2022 |language=en |date=15 June 2022}}</ref> so they are better suited to racing car engines.<ref>{{cite web |title=How The Flat-Plane Crank Turns Muscle Cars Into Exotics |url=https://carbuzz.com/news/carbuzz-explains-how-the-flat-plane-crank-turns-muscle-cars-into-exotics |website=CarBuzz |access-date=30 August 2022 |language=en-us |date=8 April 2016}}</ref>