Editing Cornus florida (section)

== Cultivation ==
Flowering dogwood does best [[horticulture|horticulturally]] in moist, [[acidic soil]] in a site with some afternoon shade, but good morning sun. It does not do well when exposed to intense heat sources such as adjacent parking lots or air conditioning compressors. It also has a low [[Soil salinity|salinity]] tolerance. The [[hardiness zone]] is 5–9 and the preferred pH is between 6.0 and 7.0.<ref name="Cappiello_2005" /> In urban and suburban settings, care should be taken not to inflict mower damage on the trunk or roots, as this increases the tree's susceptibility to disease and pest pressure.<ref name="Cappiello_2005" />{{rp|98–100}} The common flowering dogwood has been placed on the endangered species list in Ontario.<ref>{{cite web |title= Eastern flowering dogwood | work = Species at Risk |url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/eastern-flowering-dogwood | publisher = Government of Ontario |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=987|title=Species Profile (Eastern Flowering Dogwood) - Species at Risk Public Registry|publisher=Government of Canada, Environment|website=www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca|access-date=April 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605004434/http://registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=987|archive-date=June 5, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_cofl2.pdf|title=USDA Plants Database}}</ref> Sites should be selected for reasonably well-drained, fertile soils; full sun is recommended in high-hazard areas (such as stream or pond banks). New plantings should be mulched to a depth of {{convert|2|to|4|in|cm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}, avoiding the stem. Dead wood and leaves should be pruned and completely removed and destroyed yearly. Plants should be watered weekly during droughts, with watering done in the morning, avoiding wetting the foliage. Registered [[fungicides]] can be applied when necessary, according to manufacturers instructions and advice of local [[Extension Service of the USDA|Extension Service]].<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Anderson RL, Knighten JL, Windham M, Langdon K, Hendrix F, Roncadori R | date = 1994 | title = Dogwood anthracnose and its spread in the South. | url = http://www.ncforestry.info/fs/dogwood_anthracnose/r8-pr-26.pdf | work = Project Report R8-PR 26. | publisher = USDA Forest Service | location = Atlanta, GA | pages = 10 }}</ref>

[[File:2013-05-10 08 26 08 Closeup of pink dogwoods at the Brendan T. Byrne State Forest headquarters.jpg|thumb|Pink variety flower clusters]]
Flowering dogwood is grown widely throughout the [[temperateness|temperate]] world. 
;Selected cultivars<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nowicki M, Boggess SL, Saxton AM, Hadziabdic D, Xiang QJ, Molnar T, Huff ML, Staton ME, Zhao Y, Trigiano RN | title = Haplotyping of Cornus florida and C. kousa chloroplasts: Insights into species-level differences and patterns of plastic DNA variation in cultivars | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 13 | issue = 10 | pages = e0205407 | date = 2018-10-23 | pmid = 30352068 | pmc = 6198962 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0205407 | bibcode = 2018PLoSO..1305407N | editor-first = Berthold | editor-last = Heinze | name-list-style = vanc | doi-access = free }}</ref>

*'Amerika Touch-O-Pink' – large bracts, tinged pink; large leaves; good disease resistance.
*'Appalachian Spring' – large white bracts; red fall foliage; resistant to dogwood [[anthracnose]].
*'Autumn Gold' – white bracts; yellow fall color.
*'Barton' – large white bracts; blooms at early age; resistant to stem [[canker]] and [[powdery mildew]].
*'Bay Beauty' – double white bracts; resists heat and drought; good for [[Deep South]].
*'Cherokee Daybreak' – white bract; vigorous grower with [[variegated]] leaves.
*'Cherokee Chief' – red bracts; red new growth.<ref>{{cite web|work = RHS Plant Selector | title = ''Cornus florida'' 'Cherokee Chief'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=536|access-date=July 17, 2013 | publisher = The Royal Horticultural Society }}</ref>
*'Cherokee Brave' – Even redder than 'Cherokee Chief', smaller bracts but dark red color; consistently resistant to [[powdery mildew]].
*'Cherokee Princess' – vigorous white bracts, industry standard for white flowers.
*'Cherokee Sunset' – purplish-red bracts; [[variegated]] foliage.
*'Gulf Coast Pink' – best pink flowering dogwood in [[Florida]] &ndash; northern part only.
*'Hohman's Gold' – white bracts; [[variegated]] foliage.
*'Jean's Appalachian Snow' – large, overlapping white bracts w/ green flowers; very resistant to [[powdery mildew]].
*'Karen's Appalachian Blush' – delicate white bracts edged in pink; some [[powdery mildew]] resistance.
*'Kay's Appalachian Mist' – stiff, creamy white bracts; red fall foliage; good resistance to [[powdery mildew]].
*'Plena' – double white bracts; spot [[anthracnose]]-resistant.
*'Purple Glory' – red bracts; purple foliage; spot [[anthracnose]]-resistant but susceptible to [[stem canker]].
*'Weaver White' – large white blooms; large leaves; candelabra shape; good in north-central [[Florida]].

=== Propagation ===
[[File:Dogwood in Nagano.jpg|thumb|Dogwood trees in [[Nagano (city)|Nagano, Japan]]]]

''Cornus florida'' is easily propagated by seeds, which are sown in the fall into prepared rows of [[sawdust]] or sand, and emerge in the spring. [[Germination]] rates for good clean seed should be near 100% if seed dormancy is first overcome by cold [[Stratification (botany)|stratification]] treatments for 90 to 120 days at {{convert|4|C|F}}.<ref name = "Cappiello_2005" />{{rp|100–102}}<ref name="Hartmann, HT 2002. pp. 769">Hartmann, HT, DE Kester, FT Davies, RL Geneve. 2002. Hartmann and Kester's Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices, 7th Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. pp. 769.</ref> Flowering dogwood demonstrates [[gametophytic]] [[self-incompatibility]], meaning that the plants cannot self-fertilize. This is important for breeding programs as it means that it is not necessary to [[Emasculation#Other meanings|emasculate]] (remove the [[anthers]] from) ''C. florida'' flowers before making controlled [[Cross pollination|cross-pollinations]]. These pollinations should be repeated every other day, as the flowers must be [[Cross pollination|cross-pollinated]] within one or two days of opening for [[pollination]]s to be effective.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Reed SM | date = 2004 | title = Self-incompatibility in ''Cornus florida'' | journal = HortScience | volume = 39 | issue = 2 | pages = 335–338 | doi = 10.21273/HORTSCI.39.2.335 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

[[File:2014-11-02 13 36 23 Flowering Dogwood during autumn along Pleasant Valley Road in Hopewell Township, New Jersey.JPG|thumb|Tree in the wild in autumn]]

Softwood [[Cutting (plant)|cuttings]] taken in late spring or early summer from new growth can be rooted under mist if treated with 8,000 to 10,000 ppm [[indole-3-butyric acid]] (IBA). In cold climates, potted cuttings must be kept in heated cold frames or [[polyhouse]]s the following winter to maintain temperatures between {{convert|0|and|7|C|F}}. Although rooting success can be as high as 50–85%, this technique is not commonly used by commercial growers. Rather, selected cultivars are generally propagated by [[Shield budding|T-budding]] in late summer or by whip [[grafting]] in the greenhouse in winter onto seedling rootstock.<ref name="Hartmann, HT 2002. pp. 769"/><ref name = "Cappiello_2005" />{{rp|102}}

[[Micropropagation]] of flowering dogwood is now used in breeding programs aiming to incorporate resistance to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew into horticulturally and economically important cultivars. [[Node (botany)|Nodal]] ([[axillary bud]]) sections are established in a culture of Woody Plant Medium (WPM) amended with 4.4 μmol/L 6-Benzyladenine (BA) to promote shoot growth.<ref name="pmid30727637">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kaveriappa KM, Phillips LM, Trigiano RN | title = Micropropagation of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) from seedlings | journal = Plant Cell Reports | volume = 16 | issue = 7 | pages = 485–489 | date = April 1997 | pmid = 30727637 | doi = 10.1007/BF01092771 | s2cid = 40422365 }}</ref>  Rooting of up to 83% can be obtained when 5–7 week-old microshoots are then transferred to WPM amended with 4.9 μmol/L IBA.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sharma AR, Trigiano RN, Witte WT, Schwarz OJ | title = In vitro adventitious rooting of Cornus florida microshoots. | journal = Scientia Horticulturae | date = January 2005 | volume = 103 | issue = 3 | pages = 381–5 | doi = 10.1016/j.scienta.2004.06.014 }}</ref>