Editing Concerto (section)

====Instrumental concerto====
{{See also|Ripieno concerto|List of concertos by Christoph Graupner}}
The concerto began to take its modern shape in the late-[[Baroque]] period, beginning with the ''[[concerto grosso]]'' form developed by [[Arcangelo Corelli]]. Corelli's concertino group was two violins, a cello and basso continuo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roeder |first=Michael Thomas |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27070961 |title=A history of the concerto |date=1994 |publisher=Amadeus Press |isbn=0-931340-61-6 |location=Portland, Or. |oclc=27070961}}</ref> In J. S. Bach's Fifth [[Brandenburg Concertos|Brandenburg Concerto]], for example, the concertino is a flute, a violin, and a harpsichord; although the harpsichord is a featured solo instrument, it also sometimes plays with the ''ripieno'', functioning as a continuo keyboard accompaniment.{{sfn|Steinberg|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=t8oXNX2tY8AC&pg=PA14 14]}}

Later, the concerto approached its modern form, in which the concertino usually reduces to a single solo instrument playing with (or against) an orchestra. The main composers of concertos of the baroque were [[Tommaso Albinoni]], [[Antonio Vivaldi]] (e.g., published in ''[[L'estro armonico]]'', ''[[La stravaganza]]'', [[Six Violin Concertos, Op. 6 (Vivaldi)|Six Violin Concertos, Op. 6]], [[Twelve Concertos, Op. 7 (Vivaldi)|Twelve Concertos, Op. 7]], ''[[Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione]]'', [[Six Flute Concertos, Op. 10 (Vivaldi)|Six Flute Concertos, Op. 10]], [[Six Concertos, Op. 11 (Vivaldi)|Six Concertos, Op. 11]] and [[Six Violin Concertos, Op. 12 (Vivaldi)|Six Violin Concertos, Op. 12]]), [[Georg Philipp Telemann]], [[Johann Sebastian Bach]],{{sfn|Steinberg|2000}} [[George Frideric Handel]], [[Pietro Locatelli]], [[Jean-Marie Leclair]], [[Giuseppe Tartini]], [[Francesco Geminiani]] and [[Johann Joachim Quantz]].
The concerto was intended as a composition typical of the Italian style of the time, and all the composers were studying how to compose in the Italian fashion (''all'Italiana'').{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

The Baroque concerto was mainly for a string instrument ([[violin]], [[viola]], [[cello]], seldom [[viola d'amore]] or [[harp]]) or a wind instrument ([[flute]], [[Recorder (musical instrument)|recorder]], [[oboe]], [[bassoon]], [[Natural horn|horn]], or [[trumpet]],). Bach also wrote a concerto for two violins and orchestra.{{sfn|Steinberg|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=t8oXNX2tY8AC&pg=PA17 17–19]}} During the Baroque period, before the invention of the piano, keyboard concertos were comparatively rare, with the exception of the twelve organ concertos by [[George Frideric Handel]] and the [[Keyboard concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach|thirteen harpsichord concertos]] by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Concerto {{!}} Music Appreciation|url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicapp_historical/chapter/73/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-21|website=courses.lumenlearning.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616075052/https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicapp_historical/chapter/73/ |archive-date=2017-06-16 }}</ref>