Editing Combined arms (section)

==Napoleonic Wars==
After 25&nbsp;years of near continuous warfare, the armies that met at the [[Battle of Waterloo]] in 1815 were organized in a similar manner – into corps which contained infantry, cavalry and artillery (see [[Order of battle of the Waterloo Campaign]]), and used similar combined arms tactics. Within each corps were divisions of infantry or cavalry made up of brigades and an artillery unit. An army would usually also have reserves of all three arms under the direct command of the army commander which could be sent in support of any corps or division of a corps to increase any arm which the army general considered necessary. The [[Battle of Waterloo#The French cavalry attack|great French cavalry charge]] commanded by [[Marshal Ney]] during the battle failed to break Wellington's squares of infantry and Ney's failure to supplement his cavalry with sufficient horse artillery to break the squares open is usually given as a major contributing factor in the failure. It is an example of why generals needed to use combined arms to overcome the tactics used by enemy officers to frustrate an attack by a single arm of an army.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haythornthwaite |first=Philip |year=2007 |title=The Waterloo Armies: Men, organization and tactics |edition=illustrated |publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=9781844155996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AcyXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 |page=12}}</ref>

In contrast the [[27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot|27th&nbsp;(Inniskilling)]] suffered 478&nbsp;casualties from an initial strength of 750&nbsp;because of their exposure to attack by French combined arms. They were located near the centre of Wellington's line, but unlike most of the rest of Wellington's infantry were in a declivity on the exposed side of the [[Mont-Saint-Jean, Belgium|Mont-Saint-Jean]] [[escarpment]]. Exposed as they were, they were forced to stand in square for most of the day for fear of cavalry attack and so made an easy dense target for Napoleon's massed artillery.<ref>{{cite book |last=Weller |first=Jac |year=2010 |title=Wellington at Waterloo |edition=illustrated, reprint |page=166 |publisher=Frontline Books |isbn=9781848325869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8-XAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166}}</ref>